论中国民法学研究中的功能主义范式

民法学研究中存在形式主义与功能主义的模式界分,二者的分立在我国已有定见。从形式主义向功能主义的演进是民法学发展中范式转换的典例。功能主义范式研究模型中包含“尺度”“要素”“计算方法”三个基本组成部分。根据历史源头和模型复杂度的差异,我国的功能主义民法学研究存在分别以客观目的解释、利益衡量和成本收益分析为代表的三个不同阶层的开展进路。在我国民法学中,功能主义范式主要应用于补充传统法释义学下的解释论、构建经典法典体系以外的规范以及填补“反身性”法律漏洞三种领域。功能主义范式的崛起将导致“分析”思维和“衡量”思维的强化,并要求论证方法向“高信息论证”转型。其不会挤压法释义学的存在空间,而会逐渐形成本土化的民法学话语体系。目前,尚不存在构建功能主义学术共同体的必要。

There is a distinction between formalism and functionalism in the study of civil law.The appellation of“formalism”and“functionalism”has been popularized in China.The transition from formalism to functionalism is a typical paradigm shift in the development of civil law science.The research model of functionalism includes three basic parts:“ruler”,“element”and“method of calculation”.According to the differences of historical sources and model complexity,there are three different approaches to the study of functionalist civil law in China,represented by objective teleological interpretation,interest measurement,and cost-benefit analysis.In Chinese civil law science,the functionalist paradigm is mainly used to supplement the interpretivism under the traditional legal dogmatics,build norms outside the normative system of positive law and fill the“reflexive”legal loophole.The rise of functionalist paradigm will lead to the strengthening of“analysis”thinking and“measurement”thinking,and the methods of argumentation are required to transform to“high information argumentation”,which will not squeeze the existence space of legal dogmatics and will gradually form a localized discourse system of civil law.At present,there is no need to build a functionalist academic community.