我国刑法的再法典化:模式选择与方案改革

刑法典自1997年颁布以来,在修补式立法、续造型司法以及病理性法条的累积影响下,已经无法通过局部修改维持刑法的典范性、统一性与科学性,这既意味着刑法典的自身发展陷入了瓶颈,也为从整体上进行刑法的再法典化迎来了契机。解法典化语境下的多元刑法模式,主张大量增设轻罪,并在刑法典之外设立行政刑法,消弥了法典的统一性,不符合“大国法治”的中国国情。在法系融合背景下,我国刑法的再法典化应当立足于我国的传统与现实,坚守一元刑法典模式,防止刑法被再法典化为“中国版的外国刑法典”。小国法治重精细,大国法治重统一。推进我国刑法的再法典化,应当在一元刑法典模式下兼蓄本土实践与域外法治,对刑法总则和分则进行实质改革,以此彰显刑法典的中国特色,促进刑法学科三大体系的形成与发展。

Since the promulgation of the Criminal Code in 1997,under the cumulative influences of remedial legislation,continuous justice and pathological articles,it has been unable to maintain the paradigm,uniformity and scientificity of the criminal law through partial amendments,which means that the development of the Criminal Code itself has fallen into a bottleneck,and also ushered in an opportunity for the re-codification of the criminal law from a holistic perspective.The plural criminal law model in the context of de-codification advocates the addition of a large number of misdemeanors,and the establishment of administrative criminal law outside the Criminal Code.So,it has eliminated the unity of the code and is not in line with the Chinese national conditions of“the rule of law in a major country”.In the context of the integration of legal systems,the re-codification of China's criminal law should be based on our country's tradition and reality,adhere to the unitary criminal code model,and prevent the re-codification of criminal law into a“Chinese version of foreign criminal code”.The rule of law in small countries emphasizes precision,while the rule of law in large countries emphasizes unity.To promote the re-codification of China's criminal law,we should combine local practice and foreign rule of law under the unitary criminal code model,and carry out substantive reform of the general and specific provisions of criminal law,so as to highlight the Chinese characteristics of the Criminal Code and promote the formation and development of the three major systems of criminal law discipline.