建筑学中的“大气”话语 1960年以来的环境批判性建筑研究

"Atmosphere"in Architecture An Architectural Study on Post-1960 Environmental Critique

在气候变化日益严峻的背景当下,越来越多的实践和理论学者将“大气”引入建筑讨论中,这意味着一种越发全面的环境视野,是对建筑与环境之间的关系的重新探索。文章以建筑学中的“大气”话语为线索,追溯了1960年以来的环境批判性建筑理论与实践。建筑学中的大气话语经历了四个阶段的探讨,分别是大气作为建筑的环境、建筑的氛围、建筑的材料和建筑研究的媒介。文章从“物质技术与感官心理”和“材料实践与理论架构”这两组维度,对照性地梳理了以上四个阶段之间的理论演变,最后提出了回应生态危机的建筑研究新领域——“大气建筑学”。

Given the increasingly ever-climate changes,more and more practitioners and theoretical scholars introduce the concept of"atmosphere"into architectural discussions.This means a more comprehensive environmental perspective and a new exploration of the architecture-environment relationship.This paper traces critical environmental architectural theories and practices since 1960 by citing the term of"atmosphere"in architecture as a guide.The discourse on atmosphere in architecture has undergone four stages of exploration:atmosphere as an environment of buildings,as an ambiance of buildings,as a building material,and as a medium of architectural research.This paper comparatively examines the theoretical evolution of these four stages on two dimensions:"technology versus psychology"and"practical versus theoretical."Lastly,it proposes"atmospheric architecture,"a brand-new research field in architecture in the wake of the ecological crisis.