数字关系中道德义务与民事义务的协同化

Synergising Moral and Civil Obligations in Digital Relationships

以民事义务约束数字关系将面临主体、权利、归责等方面的现实困境,道德义务具有敏捷治理、结构开放的一般特点,可以弥补民事义务的不足,二者协同约束数字关系实有必要。通过“原则-规则”路径,最低限度的道德义务、愿望的道德义务皆可以经由解释或漏洞补充入法,与民事义务协同约束数字关系。在协同效果方面,民事义务为最低限度的道德义务限定明确的构成要件,违反最低限度的道德义务还可以协助判定法律行为效力、侵权责任承担;履行或不履行愿望的道德义务后将受有法律义务约束,比如基于道德义务的非债清偿不成立不当得利,不履行不真正义务将自行负担权利减损。由此,道德义务与民事义务实现了功能互补,规范且灵活地协同约束数字关系。

While civil obligations will encounter practical difficulties in terms of subject,rights and attribution.Moral obligations,with their general characteristics of agile governance and open structure,can make up for the shortcomings of civil obligations.And the two are necessary to shape digital relationships together.Through the"principles-rules"path,the minimum moral obligation and the moral obligation of desire can gain access to the law through interpretation or loopholes,adjusting the digital relations in concert with civil obligations.In terms of synergy effects,the civil obligation to define the constituent elements of the minimum moral obligation,the violation of the minimum moral obligation can also help to determine the validity of legal acts and tort liabilities;the fulfilment or non-fulfilment of the moral obligation of desire will be bound by legal obligations,for example,the fulfilment of a Non-debt settlement based on moral obligation does not establish unjust enrichment,and the non-fulfilment of an obliegenheiten will be its own burden of diminished rights.In this way,the functional integration of moral and civil obligations can be achieved,this in turn allows for the standardised and flexible synergistic shaping of digital relationships.