与地中海世界的远距离联系——新疆阿勒泰地区东塔勒德墓地出土山毛榉果造型的黄金垂饰研究

Long-distance Relationship with the Mediterranean World?Gold Beech-nut Pendants Found in the Early Iron Age China and the Eurasian Steppe

一引言远在青铜时代,黄金就在欧亚大陆的庆典、礼仪和丧葬中发挥着重要的作用。近年,中国西北地区先秦时期的墓葬,如新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区的东塔勒德墓地、东天山地区的东黑沟和西沟遗址以及甘肃张家川马家塬墓地出土了大量制作精湛的黄金制品,无论工艺或装饰都体现出一种融合本土特色和外来影响的复杂风格。

The gold technology in Northwest China underwent an important development during the early Iron Age,following the arrival of new technological skills from the central Asian steppes.These developments included the use of granulation,filigree,and sheet metal,working with mould or matrix.This paper presents a microanalytical study of an array of gold pendants excavated from the burial site at Dongtalede(9th-7th century BCE)in the Altai region of Xinjiang.It opens up new perspectives for exploring how cultural interactions were perceived,conveyed,disseminated and preserved through material culture in a society where there was little textual evidence.We conducted multiple non-destructive analyses to examine chemical composition and manufacturing techniques using a hand-held optical microscope(OM)and scanning electron microscopy with an energy dispersive spectrometer(SEM-EDS).Our findings represent the earliest evidence of difusion bonding technology in ancient China.We find that the stylistic features of the beech-nut pendants are closely linked to the M editerranean world,but archaeometric analyses attested to local production.Comparing the pendants with the growing body of goldwork discovered at sites in Northwest China,Central Asia,the Southern Urals and the Eastern Mediterranean,demonstrates that there were extensive contacts across ancient Eurasia that occurred much earlier than the opening of the commercial Silk Roads.