结构-机制视角下长期照护政策执行偏差研究

Implementation Deviation of Long-term Care Policy:From the Perspective of Structure-mechanism

长期照护为全面实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略提供重要政策支撑。本文围绕长期照护政策执行偏差这一核心议题,以结构-机制视角构建政策执行偏差分析框架,挖掘偏差背后的根本动因和实践逻辑。研究发现:压力型体制下基层政府的变通执行和路径依赖下相关职能部门的碎片化管理直接导致了我国长期照护政策执行的走样和失真,但出现这一偏差难以完全归咎于此,而是社会政策过程中积累的认知谬误造成的,根本原因在于政策选择层面的理念偏差与界定失准,即长期照护的观念仍未突破固有传统家庭照顾的束缚、长期照护的内涵及其外延未做出清晰界定。

Long-term care policy provides important support for the full implementation of the national strategy to actively respond to population aging.This paper focuses on the core issue of long-term care policy implementation deviation,constructs an analytical framework of policy implementation deviation from the perspective of structure-mechanism,and explores the fundamental motivation and practical logic causing the deviation.The study finds that the flexible implementation of grass-roots governments in the pressure-oriented system and fragmented management by separated departments caused by path dependence partly explains the deviations in policy implementation.Also,the implementation deviations are partly attributable to cognitive fallacies of policy choices and inaccurate definitions.In other words,the concept of long-term care is still constrained by traditional family care,and the connotation and extension of long-term care is not clearly defined.