训读文体中有标语序的成立及影响

Formation and Influence of Marked Word Order in Kanbun Kundoku

在中古训读文体中存在着大量不同于日语"中心语后置"的句法结构。在这些结构中,NP和VP的中心语都出现在补足语之前。这种句法结构的成立不涉及日语基本语序层面,可定性为表层句法结构层面发生的语序调整。其形成的动因一般是语用上情态和语气的表达需要,因此可称之为一种有标语序。中古训读文体中的有标语序直接影响了和汉混交文中的语序形式,并进一步引发了中古以后日语多样化句法结构和语序形式的形成和发展。

Syntax structures,different from head-finals in modern Japanese,abound in ancient Kanbun Kundoku.Those structures,in which the heads of NP and VP come before complements,can be characterized as a change of word order in surface syntax structures and have nothing to do with the fundamental word order of the language.Their formation is usually originated from the pragmatic need for the expressions of modality and mood,for which they can be referred as a marked word order.Word orders in mixed writing of Japanese and Chinese characters have been influenced by marked word orders in ancient Kanbun Kundoku,thus bringing about the formation and development of diversified syntax structures and word orders after middle ages.