如何对待外国人的宪法权利?

How to Treat the Constitutional Rights of Foreigners?

讨论外国人的宪法权利首先应明确外国人的宪法内涵难以被"公民"和"人民"的概念吸收。外国人享有宪法权利的理论基础不仅在于国际人权保障已达成共识,还在于传统"内外有别"权利观的打破,但"人权条款"无法成为外国人宪法权利的解释渊源。外国人宪法权利保障的不确定性在于,宪法只是规定要保护外国人的"合法权利和利益",却未言明保护外国人的哪些权利。尽管实践层面关于外国人权利保障的立法体系已初步成形,但仍存在权利克减的风险,仍有必要借鉴域外经验,将外国人纳入平等保护的范畴,并依据外国人的法律身份对其权利进行立法分类和审查分级。未来,除了与国家主权和社会制度紧密相关的权利,都应平等赋予外国人。

To discuss the constitutional rights of foreigners,it should first be clarified that the constitutional meaning of foreigners cannot be absorbed by the concepts of Citizen and People.The theoretical basis for the constitutional rights of foreigners is not only because that the international human rights protection has reached a consensus,but also for the traditional view of"internal and external differences"has been changed,while the Human Rights Clause cannot be the basis for the interpretation of foreigners’constitutional rights.The uncertainty of the foreigners’constitutional rights lies in the fact that the Constitution only provides for the protection of"legal rights and interests"of foreigners,but does not state what rights to protect.Although the legislative system on the foreigners’rights has begun to take shape at the practical level,there is still a risk of derogation of foreigners’rights.It is still necessary to learn from foreign experience to include foreigners in the scope of equal protection and to classify and review their rights according to the legal status of foreigners.In the future,foreigners should be given rights equally in addition to the rights closely related to national sovereignty and social system.