公诉案件无罪判决:趋势与阐释——基于1440份无罪判决的分析

Innocent Judgment in Public Prosecution Cases:Trends and Interpretation:An Analysis Based on 1440 Acquittals

大数据分析结果显示,近年来,我国公诉案件无罪判决呈现一些新的趋势和特征,如公诉案件无罪被告人数量稳步递增、检察机关对无罪判决包容性增强、二审法院逐渐承担更大的无罪裁判责任以及"法定无罪"在实践中的普遍性适用等。上述趋势与特征的出现,与无罪裁判环境、发回重审规则、法官理性偏好等因素的作用密不可分。当前,我们对无罪判决指标关注过多,忽视了无罪判决与司法人权保障内在的逻辑关联,甚至将无罪判决指标作为单纯衡量和评价司法公正性程度、理性化水平的标尺,这无疑会扭曲无罪判决本身所承载的错案治理功能,进而产生负面后果。此外,由于无罪判决的制度压力依然存在。所以,司法理念的更新、技术变革措施等可能都无法充分因应冤假错案的治理需求。为此,未来可能需要探寻更具制度效益的错案治理长效机制。

The results of big data analysis show that in recent years,there are some new trends and characteristics in the acquittal of public prosecution cases in China.For example,the number of innocent defendants in public prosecution cases is increasing steadily,the procuratorial organs are more inclusive of acquittal judgments,and the courts of second instance gradually assume greater responsibility.The duty of innocent referee and the universal application of"legal innocence"in practice.The emergence of the above trends and characteristics is inseparable from the role of the innocent referee environment,the return of retrial rules,and the judge's rational preferences.At present,we pay too much attention to the indicators of acquittal,ignore the inherent logical relationship between acquittal judgment and judicial human rights protection,and even use the acquittal judgment index as a yard stick for simply measuring and evaluating the degree of judicial justice and rationalization.It will distort the wrong case governance function carried by the acquittal judgment itself,and then have negative consequences.In addition,because the institutional pressure of acquittal is still existing,the renewal of judicial concepts and technological change measures may not fully meet the governance needs of false and wrong cases.To this end,in the future,it may be necessary to explore a long-term mechanism for the management of misjudged cases with more institutional benefits.