清初江南地区的谣言传播与遗民心态——以《侯岐曾日记》为例

Rumor Dissemination and Mentality of Ming Loyalists in Jiangnan Area in Early Qing Era:The Example of The Diary of Hou Qiceng

顺治初年江南地区的明遗民内部经常流传着一类有关明清战局的谣言,它们虽与事实相去甚远,却依然得到遗民的信任与进一步传播。从资料相对丰富的《侯岐曾日记》来看,明遗民相信这类谣言主要有以下原因:第一,遗民拥有类似的政治、社会、思想背景与生活状态,也因此共享恢复明朝的信念与愿望,是他们接受谣言的心理基础。第二,交换时闻作为遗民之间的社交活动,旨在巩固彼此关系,确立复国信心,排遣负面情绪,乃至借此策划抗清等实际行动,消息的可信度反而未必重要,助长了谣言在遗民群体中的传播。

In the early years of the Shunzhi reign,rumors about the Ming-Qing War situation were often spread among the Ming loyalists in Jiangnan area.Although the rumors were far from factual,they still gained the trust and were further spread by loyalists.According to The Diary of Hou Qiceng which contains comparatively abundant information,the reasons that Ming loyalists believed these rumors were varied.First,the loyalists had similar political,social,and ideological backgrounds and living conditions,therefore they shared the same beliefs and desires to restore the Ming Dynasty.This was psychological basis for them to accept rumors.Second,as a social activity,the exchange of news between the loyalists aimed to consolidate their relationships,establish confidence in the restoration of the country,dispel negative emotions,and even plan concrete actions,such as the resistance to the Qing regime.Thus,the credibility of the news may not have been important,and,because of this,the dissemination of rumors among the loyalists was fueled.