中国分省土壤侵蚀变化数据集(1985-2011)

Soil Erosion Change Dataset of China(1985-2011)

土壤侵蚀是指由水或风等外力引起的土地表面物质的移动。本数据在汇集了中国自1985年以来完成并发布的4次土壤侵蚀遥感调查分省数据,分析了4次调查的主要技术特点,建立了具有可比性的中国分省土壤侵蚀及其变化时间序列数据集。该数据集包括2种土壤侵蚀类型(水蚀与风蚀)、5级土壤侵蚀强度(轻度、中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈)、和4个时间(年度)序列(1985,1995,2000,2011)。对数据集初步分析显示,在全国尺度,4个代表时期(1985,1995,2000,2011)的土壤侵蚀总面积分别为366.14×10~4 km^2、354.77×10~4 km^2、356.14×10~4 km^2、和294.92×10~4 km^2。全国土壤侵蚀比例由38.53%减少到31.04%。其中,2011年土壤侵蚀的类型结构为:水蚀占44%,风蚀占56%。土壤侵蚀的强度结构为:轻度侵蚀占47%,中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈分别占19%、13%、10%、和11%。在省级尺度,在1985-2011年期间,侵蚀比例下降最大的3个省为:宁夏(75.04%-37.87%)、陕西(64.15%-35.33%)、与河南(39.26%-14.23%)。同期侵蚀比例扩大的4个省为:广西(4.71%-21.35%)、广东(6.4%-11.98%)、海南(1.33%-3.2%)、和吉林(20.89%-25.28%)。本数据集是1个Excel文件,由6个表组成:前4个表为1985、1995、2000、2011年四个代表年各省土壤侵蚀分级数据集;后2个表为1985、1995、2000和2011年四个代表年各省土壤侵蚀的比例及变化。数据量为44.5 KB。

Soil erosion is the displacement of the upper layer of soil caused by the dynamic activity of erosive agents. Four surveys have been conducted about soil erosion in China since 1985, and the provincial summaries of soil erosion were published in various sources(mainly in printed version). This dataset was the result of compilation and preliminary analysis about these publications, which was organized in 2 erosion types(water erosion, wind erosion), 5 erosion severity grades(light, moderate, intense, extremely intense, and severe), 4 epochs(1985, 1995, 2000, 2011), and 31 provinces. The preliminary analysis showed that, in national level, the ratio of water erosion and wind erosion in 2011 was 44∶56, and the percentage of 5 erosion severity grades were light 47%, moderate 19%, intense 13%, extremely intense 10%, and severe 11%. During 1985-2011, soil erosion in China as a whole has been in decline, from 366.14×10~4 km^2(1985), through 354.7×10~4 km^2(1995) and 356.1×10~4 km^2(2000), to 294.92×10~4 km^2(2011), corresponding to a percentage decline from 38.53% in 1985 to 31.04% in 2011. In terms of erosion types, water erosion experienced a steady decrease during 1985-2011, yet wind erosion area was volatile from epoch to epoch, although also demonstrating a general declining pattern. In provincial level during 1985-2011, the first three provinces with the largest drop in percentage of eroded land were Ningxia(75.04%-37.87%), Shaanxi(64.15%-35.33%), and Henan(39.26%-14.23%). Meanwhile, four provinces had an increase in soil erosion: Guangxi(4.71%-21.35%), Guangdong(6.4%-11.98%), Hainan(1.33%-3.2%), and Jilin(20.89%-25.28%). The dataset is composed of 6 tables in 1 excel files, with a size of 44.5 KB.