中国特色新闻学教育的特色与路径:中美比较的视角

The Key Features and Development Path of Journalism Education with Chinese Characteristics: A Comparative Study of Journalism Education in China and the United States

中国新闻教育正面临着全球新闻业危机带来的挑战。中国特色新闻学教育的特色究竟在哪里?未来发展路径何在?本文采用比较研究的视角,选取全球新闻传播学教育最发达的国家美国作为参照,首先梳理了中美新闻学教育的发展历史与当下现状,然后从新闻教育模式的若干要素出发,比较了两国新闻学教育在教育理念、专业设置、课程体系、师资队伍及就业情况等方面的共性与特色。对比发现,中美新闻学教育既存在本质区别,也有着千丝万缕的联系,可谓是"道"不同,"术"相通。中国特色新闻学教育一方面要坚定不移地坚持马克思主义新闻观的教育理念,坚持为中国特色社会主义制度的发展培养建设者和接班人;另一方面也应该吸取美国新闻学教育在专业设置、课程体系和师资队伍等方面的有益经验,在求同存异的前提下加强与美国新闻教育机构的交流与合作,不断优化和提升中国特色新闻学教育的质量、水平和成效,探索一条符合中国国情,具有中国特色,对世界新闻学教育有重要参考价值的发展路径。

China’s journalism education is facing the challenge brought by the global crisis of journalism.What are the key features of journalism education with Chinese characteristics?Where is the direction of future development of journalism education in China?From the perspective of comparative study,this paper chooses the United States,the country that has the most advanced journalism and communication education in the world,as a reference.It first reviews the historical development and current situation of journalism education in China and the United States.The article then carries out a comparison of the five elements of journalism education in two countries,including educational philosophy,subject configuration,curriculum setting,faculty structure,and employment status.The comparison reveals that there are essential differences as well as numerous connections between China and US journalism education.That is,the doctrines are different,but the methods are similar.Journalism education with Chinese characteristics,on the one hand,should firmly maintain the Marxist view of Journalism,and cultivate builders and successors for the development of socialist system with Chinese characteristics.On the other hand,it should also learn from the beneficial experience of journalism education in the US especially in the field of subject configuration,curriculum system and faculty development.Chinese journalism educators should strengthen exchanges and cooperation with American colleagues on the premise of seeking common ground while reserving differences,constantly optimize and improve the quality,level and effectiveness of journalism education,and explore a development path that is not only in line with China’s social conditions and has Chinese characteristics,but also of important reference value to the world’s journalism education.