公众在重大疫情暴发初期的风险感知差异——新型冠状病毒肺炎健康信息采用的影响机制研究

Differences in Public Risk Perception in the Early Stages of A Outbreak——A Study on The Impact of COVID-19 Health Information Adoption

本研究基于问卷调查(N=2144)考察了我国公众对新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)暴发初期的健康信息采用意向,并探讨了相关影响因素,为此,本研究构建健康信息采用模型。研究发现,受众对疫情风险的知晓到重视存在严重滞后现象,新闻媒体依然是公众获取信息的主阵地,但公众对科普新闻兴趣不高。公众在疫情暴发期间的健康信息采用意向受到多方面的影响:风险感知通过影响公众的恐惧情绪进一步影响健康信息采用意向,而感知效能对疫情期间公众的健康信息采用也具有正向影响。研究还发现,公众的风险感知与现实情况存在差异,处境(疫情严重地区或其他地区)、性别、媒介渠道等对公众对新冠病毒肺炎的风险感知有影响,即不同的人群认为疫情的严重性和自身罹患疾病的可能性存在差异。对此,本文提出应重视调研人群对疫情风险感知的差异性,有针对性地开展风险沟通和舆论引导;同时,重视人际渠道在疫情暴发早期的传播作用并充分利用感知效能、恐惧诉求等强化对公众健康信息采用意向的积极影响。

Based on a questionnaire survey(N=2144),this study developed a model of health information adoption to examine people’s intention to adopt health information in the early outbreak of the coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19)and explored related influencing factors.The study found that the public’s attention to the coronavirus lagged far behind their awareness of it.The news media was still the main source for people to obtain information,but people were not interested in popular science articles.And people’s intentions of the health information adoption are affected in many ways:risk perception affects public health information adoption intentions by affecting public fears,and perceived efficacy also has a positive impact on people’s health information adoption during the epidemic.The study also found that the risk perception of the epidemic differs from actual situation.And there are significant differences in the impact of situation(in or outside the epidemic area),sex,and media channels on the risk perception of the coronavirus.That is,different people’s perceived severity of the epidemic and the perceived susceptibility of the disease differed.Therefore,this study proposes that attention should be paid to the differences in the individual’s risk perception,the role of interpersonal channels in the early stages of the epidemic and to make full use of perceived efficacy and fear to strengthen the positive impact of people’s health information adoption intention.