电动汽车储能技术应用潜力及功能定位研究

An Analysis on the Application Potential and Position of Electric Vehicle Energy Storage

随着电动汽车的普及和电池技术不断成熟,电动汽车作为分布式储能的应用前景日益受到关注。通过对电动汽车充放电功率的合理引导和调度,电动汽车可向电力系统提供调频、调峰等功率及能量型调节服务,从而提高电力系统对波动性可再生能源的利用水平。然而,各国对电动汽车储能潜力的定量评估研究较少,以往有限研究对不同车型种类、车主用车行为等因素的影响分析不足。因此,基于中国未来电动汽车发展预测,结合各类车型出行及停车行为特征,预测了未来大规模电动汽车储能潜力,并对电动汽车储能与可再生能源协同的效果进行了评估。此外,就电动汽车储能与固定式储能在电力系统中的功能定位问题进行了对比分析,为后续电动汽车储能发展战略及相关政策制定提供了决策参考。

With the fast growth of the electric vehicle(EV) industry and the development of battery technology, the potential of EVs in delivering energy storage services is increasingly garnering attention in the energy sector. By adjusting the charging behavior, EV storage can provide multiple values to the power system and promote the application of renewable energies. However, quantitative studies on EV storage capacity, particularly considering the influences of the driving and parking behaviors of EV users, are still limited. This paper therefore evaluates the potential capacity of EV storage for accommodating the large-scale renewable energy generated in China based on the driving behavior of different types of vehicles. In addition, the differences between EV storage and stationary energy storage are discussed, which could be acknowledged by policy makers in the process of long-term energy policy formulation.