限制资本能解决“减负难”问题吗?——兼评《教育中的资本扩张:危害与治理》

Can Restricting Capital Reduce Student Burden?——A Review of “Capital Expansion in Education:Harm and Governance”

义务教育阶段学生的学业负担有自身的发生逻辑。自上而下竞争压力的层层传导和高利害的选拔性考试竞争是学生负担重的实质原因。教育中的资本扩张是学业负担发生链的结果,而非主要原因。学业负担的主要来源在学校,而非校外培训机构。校内学业负担的"大户",也并非纯私人资本投资的民办学校。《教育中的资本扩张:危害与治理》一文对教育中资本扩张危害的批判,并未基于完整的事实。限制资本对于减少校外负担虽有立竿见影的短期效果,但并未颠覆学业负担的发生逻辑,因此可能仅仅会改变校外负担的主体和形式,但并不能减少校外负担的数量和对课外培训的需求,甚至还有加剧校内负担的可能。

Student burden in compulsory education has its logic of occurrence.The top-down competitive pressures and high-stake selective examinations are the substantive causes of the heavy student burden.The expansion of capital in education is the result rather than the cause of student burden.The main source of student burden is schools rather than off-school tutoring institutions or private schools funded purely by private capital.The critique of the harm of capital expansion in education in the Article is not based on the full facts.Though restricting capital has an immediate and short-term effect on reducing the burden,it does not reverse the logic of how the burden occurs.Therefore,it may only change the subject and form of the burden,but cannot reduce the amount of the burden or the demand for extracurricular off-school tutoring.Eventually,it may even increase the burden in mainstream schools.