国家共同体建构路径的新探索:族群成员的跨体系嵌入

A New Explore of Path to Nation Building:Making Ethnicity Embedded in Cross-system Society

“国家共同体建构”是国民认同国家并形成共同体的过程,因此,作为其中的关键行为体“国家”和“国民”就成为必须讨论的两个维度。从“国家形态”和“国民身份”两个维度构造分析框架,指出“单一的民族国家”与“多民族帝国”转型的不同路径:前者的重点在于承认其内部不断增多的族群成员及其身份,给多元文化留出一定空间;后者的重点在于拓宽所有国民发展空间,实现个体成员从“群体”狭小空间中走出,形成跨体系嵌入。承认帝国的多元一体性,就是承认帝国内所有群体都属于本国的平等公民,这关系到政权的合法性问题;而创造条件让个体有机嵌入到整个社会的现代化进程,是检验国家现代化有效性的重要指标。

“National community building”is the process of national identification with the state and the formation of a community,therefore,the state and the nation as key actors in this process is two dimensions that must be discussed.The article looks at"state form"and"national identity"as two key roles.The article constructs an analytical framework from the dimensions of"state form"and"national identity",and points out the different paths of the transformation of"single nation-state"and"multi-ethnic empire"."The former focuses on recognizing the growing number of ethnic groups and their identities within the state,leaving some space for multiculturalism;the latter focuses on widening the space for the development of all nationals,realizing the emergence of individual members from the narrow space of the"group"and forming cross-system embedding.The paper points out that recognizing the pluralistic unity of the empire means recongnizing all groups within the empire as equal citizens of the countiy,which is relatecl to the legitimacy of the regime;and creating conditions for the organic embedding of individuals in the modernization process of the whole sciety is important idication of the effectiveness of state modernization.