我国民族地区湿地生态价值核算与生态补偿标准研究

Wetland Ecological Value Accounting and Ecological Compensation Study in Ethnic Areas of China

本文受启发于湿地生态补偿标准依据确立要从湿地生态服务效益来确定的解读思路,从机会成本的角度,结合国内学者对我国民族地区湿地生态价值评估的45个文献案例分析,构建了基于湿地生态价值总量、GDP等指标的区域湿地生态补偿标准测算思路与估测模型。以2001—2018年统计数据为例,对我国民族8省区的湿地生态价值及生态补偿标准进行了定量测算。结果表明:第一,从空间分布上来看,单位面积湿地生态价值量呈现由云贵高原地区向青藏高原地区、蒙新高原地区依次递减趋势;湿地生态价值总量呈现由青藏高原地区依次向蒙新高原地区、云贵高原地区依次递减趋势。第二,2001—2018年,广西、贵州、云南、青海、西藏、新疆、内蒙古、宁夏年平均湿地生态补偿标准分别为84.55亿元、24.87亿元、58.39亿元、936.06亿元、810.81亿元、418.65亿元、553.60亿元、23.02亿元。第三,从经济基础、财政条件、制度建设看,青海、西藏有很大困难支付湿地生态补偿标准;新疆、内蒙古、宁夏有条件支付湿地生态补偿标准;广西、贵州、云南有很好条件支付湿地生态补偿标准,为建立以省区为单元的湿地生态补偿机制奠定理论和实践基础。

Inspired by the wetland ecological compensation standard according to the established from the wetland ecological service benefits to determine the interpretation of the train of thought,from the angle of opportunity cost,combined with domestic scholars for wetland ecological value assessment in national regions of 45 literature case analysis,based on wetland ecological value is constructed,indicators such as GDP,total area of wetland ecological compensation standard measuring and estimating model.Taking the statistical data from 2001 to 2018 as an example,the ecological value and ecological compensation standard of wetlands in eight ethnic provinces of China was quantitatively estimated,the results showed that:(1)from the perspective of spatial distribution,the ecological value of wetland per unit area decreased successively from Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Mongolia-Xinjiang plateau;The total ecological value of wetland decreased from Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to Mongolia-Xinjiang Plateau and Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau.(2)From2001 to 2018,the average annual wetland ecological compensation standards in Guangxi,Guizhou,Yunnan,Qinghai,Tibet,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia were 8.455 billion yuan,2.487 billion yuan,5.839 billion yuan,93.606 billion yuan,81.081 billion yuan,41.865 billion yuan,55.360 billion yuan and 2.302 billion yuan,respectively.(3)From the perspective of economic basis,financial conditions and system construction,Qinghai and Tibet have great difficulties in paying wetland ecological compensation standards;Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia and Ningxia have conditional payment standards for wetland ecological compensation;Guangxi,Guizhou and Yunnan have very good conditions to pay wetland ecological compensation standard,which lays a theoretical and practical foundation for establishing wetland ecological compensation mechanism based on provincial units.