创新驱动创业:经济高质量发展的微观基础

IDE:Micro-foundation for High-quality Economic Development

无论在实践层面还是在理论层面,将创新和创业理论有机整合,形成创新驱动创业(IDE)这一符合新发展阶段的原创性构念是回答时代之变的创新举措。本文基于Shaker A.Zahra教授关于IDE的论述,从IDE动机的视角,对IDE的特征进行了阐述,认为IDE是高质量发展的微观基础,其中创新驱动因素可分为技术、制度和商业模式三类。创新驱动创业就是在创业过程中积极主动地、创造性地解决创业过程中的不确定性问题以实现企业和经济社会的高质量发展。IDE的关键是解放两种生产力,即解放科技创新人才的生产力和企业家的生产力。IDE过程中要充分发挥多个市场主体的作用。最后,本文从不同企业主体视角对未来IDE研究进行了展望。

The organic integration of innovation and entrepreneurship theory to form the original concept of innovation-driven entrepreneurship(IDE),which is in line with the new development stage,is an innovative measure to answer the changes of the times.In practice,since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed“putting innovation at the primary position of economic development”,the continuous emergence of IDE activities in China.From a theoretical perspective,IDE can be traced back to Schumpeter’s economic development theory.Subsequently,scholars such as Porter(1990),Cai,et al.(2021)discovered the uniqueness of innovation-driven and expanded the boundary between Innovation Theory and Entrepreneurship Theory,creatively proposing the concept of IDE.This study is based on Professor Shaker Zahra’s discourse on IDE,and from the perspective of IDE motivation,it elaborates on the characteristics of IDE.Research has found that from the perspective of activity objectives,IDE is a necessary means to achieve high-quality economic development,and the motivation for various entities such as enterprises to implement IDE is to promote national economic development.From the perspective of entrepreneurial process,IDE refers to entrepreneurial activities carried out by enterprises and other entities under the single or combined innovation-driven factors of technological innovation,institutional innovation,or business model innovation.From the perspective of results,with the continuous emergence of IDE activities in various regions of China,the current situation of uneven development in various regions of the country has been alleviated,and resources can be optimized and allocated on a broader scale,thereby promoting resource sharing.It can be seen that IDE is the micro-foundation for high-quality development.In addition,innovation-driven factors in IDE can be divided into three categories;technology,institutions,and business models.The three types of innovation-driven factors are not in opposing relationships,but highly correlated with each other.Innovation-driven entrepreneurship is the process of actively and creatively solving uncertainty problems in the entrepreneurial process to achieve high-quality development of the economy and society.The key to IDE is to liberate two types of productivity,namely the productivity of technological innovation talents and the productivity of entrepreneurs.During the IDE process,need to fully leverage the role of multiple market entities.Finally,this study provides prospects for future IDE research from the perspectives of different enterprise entities.Finally,this study provides prospects for future IDE research from the perspectives of different enterprise entities.For small and medium-sized enterprises,future research can focus on SRDI enterprises(enterprises with the characteristics of specialization,refinement,differentiation and innovation),and take this type of enterprise as the research objects,exploring the IDE process of important entities such as SRDI enterprises that focus on segmented technology fields for a long time,and are committed to breaking through“bottleneck”technology bottlenecks.Given that small and medium-sized enterprises are subject to significant resource constraints,enterprises need to obtain assistance from the regional entrepreneurial ecosystem.Therefore,future research can further explore the impact mechanism of national policies and other regional entrepreneurial ecological environments on the identification and acquisition of external resources of small and medium-sized enterprises,as well as the IDE process,in order to better provide growth paths for small and medium-sized enterprises in China.For large enterprises,future research can explore the important role of different types of large enterprises such as state-owned and private enterprises in IDE from a classification perspective,and use comparative studies between multiple cases to summarize universal IDE models.Due to the fact that large enterprises often take on the heavy responsibility of industry development,future research can further explore the indirect impact mechanism of large enterprises on the industrial cluster or national entrepreneurial ecosystem in the IDE process from a meso-perspective or macro-perspective such as industry.In addition,in the context of the new era,attention should be paid to the new development path of innovation-driven international entrepreneurship by Chinese enterprises in the special context of“dual circulation”in the future.At the same time,the differential impact of cross-border technology,talent and other factors on macro national IDE,meso industry IDE,and micro enterprise IDE should be explored,in order to broaden the application scenarios of the IDE.