“领土性”与“国家感”——一种政治地图学的观察视野与分析理路

Territoriality and Statehood:An Observational Vision and Analytical Rationale for Political cartography

自20世纪70年代开始,关于民族-国家及其空间表象的研究出现了一场双向运动:一边是地图史的考察引入知识-权力的视角,重思制图背后的政治动机与权力意志;另一边是国家成长研究的文化转向,关注地图之上的领土性构建和话语生产。两个方面的贯通,开启了一种"政治地图学"的新理路。现代性的地理勘查、测绘及制图技术,同国家与空间关系的稳固法理定型结合起来,衍生出推动传统意义的"边陲"向现代意义的"边界"转型的政治效能;而地图的可视化语言,则通过人的感性直观,在长期的观看和阅读中构建出一种基于"领土性"的"国家感",最终发展成一套深度影响集体空间-记忆的社会文化框架。对当今流行的"民族性"理论范式来说,"政治地图学"的观察和分析,不仅提供一种补充,而且构成一种限制。

Since the 1970 s,there has been a two-way movement in the study of nation-state and its spatial representation:on one side,new examinations in the history of cartography have introduced a knowledge-power perspective,rethinking the political motives and will of power behind those cartographic activities.On the other side is the cultural turn in modern nation studies,which emphasizes the construction of territoriality and its production of discourse on maps.The interconnection between these two studies opens a new path for"political cartography".From this point of view,modern geographic surveys,mapping,and cartographic technologies,have been combined with the jurisprudential fixation of relations between state and space,deriving the political effect which promotes the transformation from the traditional"frontier"to the modern"border".The visual language of maps,on the other hand,through perceptual intuition,shapes a"sense of statehood"based on"territoriality"during the long-term viewing and reading.Eventually,this develops into a socio-cultural framework that deeply influences the collective space-memory.The observation and analysis of"political cartography"not only complements but also constitutes a limitation to the prevailing theoretical paradigm of nationality studies.