“新”时代的“旧”女性——从文学伦理学批评视角解读《雁》

An"Old"Woman in the"New"Era——Analysis of Gan from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

《雁》是森鸥外的名作之一,讲述了生活在明治初期的女主人公小玉被迫做妾,恋慕医大学生而最终恋情破灭的故事。本文从文学伦理学批评视角出发,聚焦于小玉及其父亲"面临困境一做出选择一陷入新的困境"的过程,分析小玉难以逃离伦理困境且无力改变自身命运的深层原因。作为一名身处庶民阶层、恪守儒家伦理道德的"旧"女性,小玉与明治时期所倡导的文明开化之风无缘,不具备"独立自主"精神,也不能彻底摒弃传统伦理观念,因此,小玉无法在"新"时代收获"新"人生。森鸥外通过小玉的选择与遭遇,向读者展现了明治时期庶民阶层被隔绝在文明开化的风潮之外、固守封建伦理秩序的真实图景。

Gan is one of the masterpieces of Mori Ogai.It tells the story of the heroine Otama,who lived in the early Meiji Era,was forced to be a concubine and fell in love with a medical college student,but her love affair was finally broken.From the perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism,this article focuses on the process that Otama and her father"faced a predicament-made a choice-fell into a new predicament",and analyzes the underlying reasons why Otama was unable to escape from the ethical predicament and could not change her own destiny.As an"old"woman living in the civilian rank and abiding by Confucian ethical concept,Otama had no contact with Civilization and Enlightenment advocated during the Meiji period,and she did not possess the spirit of"independence"and could not completely abandon traditional ethical concepts.Therefore,Otama was not able to live a"new"life in the"new"era.Through Otama’s choice and experience,Mori Ogai showed readers the true picture that in Meiji Era,people in the civilian rank were isolated from civilization and stuck to the feudal ethical order.