武警某队属医院收治的骨关节训练伤特点及膝关节损伤的危险因素

Characteristics of bone and joint training training injury and risk factors of knee joint injury in a hospital

目的探讨武警某队属医院收治的骨关节训练伤特点及膝关节损伤的危险因素。方法收集2020年1-12月因骨关节军事训练伤在武警湖北总队医院骨科住院治疗官兵的病例资料,通过统计骨关节训练伤种类、构成比及受伤训练科目与时间来分析骨关节训练伤的特点。采用回顾性病例对照研究的设计,以分层整群抽样的方式在全总队范围抽取83名发生过膝关节损伤的官兵为损伤组,91名从未发生膝关节损伤的官兵作为未损伤组,向两组受试对象发放问卷,通过问卷设置一般情况、行为习惯、身体素质、训练运动量、主观情绪、社会认知6个维度共20个问题,对问卷内容采用单因素分析和二元Logistic回归分析以探索膝关节损伤的相关危险因素。结果(1)2020年,武警湖北总队医院共收治骨关节训练伤住院病例155例,含12类疾病诊断,其中膝关节损伤在骨关节训练伤疾病谱系中占比最高,400m障碍是最常导致骨关节损伤的训练科目,1-3月及7-9月为骨关节训练伤发病的高峰期。(2)膝关节损伤的单因素分析显示,损伤组的行中、大强度训练量与消极情绪人数占比高于未损伤组(P<0.05);与损伤组相比,未损伤组中有饮茶习惯的人数占比较高(P<0.05);损伤组中体重指数超重人数占比、吸烟习惯的人数占比及睡眠质量较差的人数占比均高于未损伤组(P<0.05);Logistc回归表明:超负荷训练量、消极情绪、睡眠差、高BMI值、吸烟是膝关节训练伤的独立危险因素(P<0.05),饮茶习惯是保护因素(P<0.05)。结论(1)骨关节训练伤主要由12类病种构成,其中膝关节损伤的占比最高;在发生骨关节损伤的8个训练项目中,400米障碍训练是最容易发生骨关节损伤的,每年1-3月及7-9月是骨关节训练伤发病率的高峰期。(2)过高训练量、消极情绪、睡眠差、吸烟、高BMI值是在军事训练中导致膝关节损伤的独立危险因素,饮茶习惯则是保护因素。

Objective To explore the characteristics of orthopaedic training injuries and the risk factors of knee joint training injuries in a hospital of Chinese People’s Armed Police Force.Methods To collect the cases data of soldiers hospitalized in the orthopaedics department of,Hubei Provincial Corps Corps Hospital from January 2020 to December 2020,and analyze the d characteristics of bone and joint training injuries by statistical analysis of the types and proportions of bone and joint training injuries as well as the subjects and time of injury training.A retrospective case-control study was designed.Eighty-three soldiers who had suffered knee joint injuries were selected as the injured group and 91 soldiers who had never suffered knee joint injuries as the uninjured group by stratified cluster sampling.Questionnaires were distributed to the two groups,and 20 questions were set in six dimensions:general situation,behavior habits,physical fitness,training amount,subjective emotion and social cognition.Univariate analysis and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to explore the risk factors of knee joint injury.Results In 2020,there were 155 hospitalized cases of bone and joint training injuries in the Hospital,including 12 kinds of in-patient diagnoses,among which knee joint injuries accounted for the highest proportion in the disease spectrum,and 400-meter obstacle was the most common training subject leading to the injuries,and the peak period of the training injuries was from January to March and from July to September.The single factor comparison of knee joint injury showed that the proportion of moderate and high intensity training and negative emotions in the injured group was higher than that in the uninjured group(P<0.05);Compared with the injured group,the number of people who had the habit of drinking tea in the uninjured group was higher(P<0.05).The proportion of overweight BMI,smoking habit and poor sleep quality in the injured group were higher than those in the uninjured group(P<0.05).Logistc regression showed that heavy training,negative emotions,poor sleep,high BMI and smoking were independent risk factors for knee joint training injury(P<0.05),and tea drinking habit was the protective factor(P<0.05).Conclusions The spectrum of bone and joint training injuries is mainly composed of 12 kinds of diseases,among which knee joint injuries account for the highest proportion.Among the eight training events with bone and joint injuries,the 400-meter obstacle training is the most prone to bone and joint injuries,and the highest incidence of bone and joint training injuries is from January to March and July to September every year.Excessive training,negative emotions,poor sleep,smoking and high BMI are the independent risk factors leading to knee joint injuries in military training,while the habit of drinking tea is the protective factor.