全面深化改革视域下政府购买惠民演出服务:结构化困境与优化路径

Government's Policy of Purchasing Performance Services from the Perspective of Comprehensively Deepening Reform:Structural Dilemma and Optimization Path

深入推进政府购买公共文化服务是全面深化改革新阶段公共文化领域供给侧改革的重点任务。在惠民演出服务领域,受表演艺术本体规律、国有院团体制改革、公众文化需求结构性变迁等因素的交互影响,政府购买实践面临较一般公共文化服务更为复杂的困境。表现为:公有制偏好和国有院团改革扶持使得政府购买被异化为另一种形式的财政补贴,与社会化目标相悖离;行政化的财政资源配置规则与艺术规律、市场规律不兼容,促成“成本病”和“挤出效应”;格式化供给难以适应公众分化趋势,导致供需错位和服务低效。下一阶段,应着眼于优化购买机制和协调主体结构关系两个维度,借力制度改革与技术创新来寻求“存量”与“增量”的协同发力。

Optimizing the government's policy of purchasing public cultural services is the key task of the supply side reform of the public cultural field in the new development stage.In the field of public welfare performance.services,the government purchase practice is facing a more complex dilemma than the general public cultural services due to the interaction of factors such as the production law of performing arts,the system reform of state owned theaters and troupes,and the change of public cultural needs.It is manifested as follows:the government's policy of purchasing performance service has been alienated into another form of financial subsidy,influenced by the government's tendency to choose state-owned units and support the performing arts groups under reform,which is contrary to its socialization goal;the administrative allocation rules of financial resources are incompatible with the laws of art and market,which leads to the emnergence of‘Cost Disease’and‘Crowding-out Effect’;the formatted supply model is not compatible with the trend of public differentiation,and resulting in the dislocation of supply and demand and low efficiency of services.In the next stage,the government should seek the coordinated development of stock resources and incremental resources through institutional reform and technological innovation based on the two dimensions of optimizing the purchase mechanism and coordinating the subject relationship.