数字化转型研究:整合框架与未来展望

A Research on Digital Transformation: Integration Framework and Prospects

数字化转型是以数字化技术、数字化产品和数字化平台的基础设施为支撑起点,进而引发个人、组织、产业等多个层面变革的过程。数字化转型正在冲击和颠覆已有的技术路径、组织模式和国家战略。这一现象引起了学术界和实践界的广泛关注,但数字化转型究竟带来哪些影响和价值尚未得到系统的整合与总结,企业如何应对数字化转型中的挑战,现有理论也不能给予系统的指导。鉴于此,本文整合已有文献,阐述了数字化技术、产品和平台这些基础设施的产生如何作为数字化转型的起点支撑和推动转型,从个人、组织和产业三个层面探究了转型过程中的多层面变革,从转型所产生的积极影响和消极影响两方面归纳了数字化转型的结果,进而提出数字化转型的未来研究方向以及中国情境下的数字化转型应关注的问题。本研究从数字化转型的起点—过程—结果三方面归纳的数字化转型理论整合框架,不仅有助于系统地梳理数字化转型的知识脉络,推动该领域研究的深入发展,还可为我国企业制定和实施有效的数字化转型战略提供参考和借鉴。

Digital transformation is a process that starts from the infrastructure of digital technology,digital products and digital platform,and then leads to changes in individual,organizational,industrial and other levels.With the development of artificial intelligence,big data,5G and other emerging technologies,digital transformation is impacting and subverting the existing technology path and organization mode.The Report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also proposes to promote the deep integration of digital technology and the real economy,accelerate the construction of digital-driven new industrial ecology,and urge all subjects to continuously explore the transformation mode.This phenomenon has aroused widespread concern in the academic and practical circle.The existing research mostly focuses on the formulation of digital transformation strategy,the relationship between digital technology and organizational performance,management adaptability and the change of business model.However,the impact and value of digital transformation have not been systematically integrated and summarized.Besides,it is still a problem for enterprises to deal with the challenges in digital transformation in order to obtain new competitive advantages while the existing theory cannot give systematic guidance.In view of this,this paper picks out 101 existing literatures from databases like Web of Science,Science Direct and CNKI.Then,the definition of digital transformation by scholars at present is summarized from two dimensions of technical support and organizational change.The existing research content of how to measure the completion of the transformation in a quantitative way is also summarized.On this foundation,the definition in this paper is put forward.This paper explains how the infrastructure including digital technology,digital products and digital platform can be used as the starting point to support and promote the transformation.In addition,it explores the introduction cost,subversion and upgrading of technology,the availability of products and how to provide innovative services,the multi-party interaction,information integration and business scope of the platform,etc.Moreover,this paper explores the multi-level changes in the process of transformation from three levels:individual level,organizational level and industrial level.The individual level mostly discusses the change of senior executives’role,job creation and job destruction.The organizational level mostly studies the impact on organizational structure,ability and strategy.The industrial level mostly summarizes the change of business model and value chain.It summarizes the positive and negative effects of digital transformation.On the one hand,the transformation promotes the production efficiency and organizational performance.On the other hand,it poses a threat to privacy security and employee employment.In the next part,this paper puts forward the future research direction of digital transformation and the problems that should be paid attention to in the context of digital transformation in China.Firstly,scholars should explore the problems of technology,resources,platform construction in the starting point of transformation.Secondly,more research on the driving mechanism,dynamic development mechanism and resource integration ability in the process are also needed.Thirdly,how to deal with the threats and challenges brought by digital transformation is still not a fully-solved problem.With the unique context in China,more attention should be paid to the following research topics:the technological catch-up path of manufacturing enterprise as a latecomer,how the government,enterprises and society can develop harmoniously under the situation of digital industrialization and industrial digitization,the construction and mechanism of ecosystem as well as the solutions for Chinese enterprises to face the unique challenges.Finally,in the conclusion part,the integration framework of digital transformation theory is summarized from the three aspects of the starting point,process and result.This not only helps to systematically sort out the knowledge context of digital transformation,grasp the development trend of theoretical frontier,promote the in-depth development of research in this field,but also can effectively combine theory and practice,and provide reference for Chinese enterprises to formulate and implement effective digital transformation strategy.