敦煌壁画中的伎乐天神简论

On the Images of Jiyue Fairies Depicted in Dunhuang Murals

敦煌壁画中的伎乐天神是敦煌艺术的重要组成部分,以富于想象、变化多样的种种歌舞和缤纷夺目的艳丽色彩来表现佛国世界升平欢乐的景象。全文分两部分:第一部分具体考察敦煌壁画中伎乐天神的种类及其特征。指出敦煌壁画中的伎乐天神大致可分为天宫伎乐、化生伎乐、飞天伎乐、迦陵频伽伎乐、护法伎乐等多种形象,其中又以飞天伎乐最具有代表性。第二部分集中论述敦煌壁画中伎乐天神的源流发展,着重对飞天伎乐艺术的来源及其流变进行了多方面的探究。最后概括指出,敦煌壁画中的伎乐天神不仅丰富了敦煌壁画的内容,为绚丽多姿的敦煌艺术增添了新的表现形式,而且突出体现了中外文化艺术相互交流、发展创造的特征。

The images of Jiyue fairies in Dunhuang Murals are an important part of Dunhuang art.Depicted in bright and dazzling colors,those Jiyue fairies’dance movements are presented in an imaginative and varied way,creating an atmosphere of peace and happiness in the Buddha’s world.This paper is divided into two parts:the first examines the types and characteristics of the Jiyue fairies in Dunhuang Murals.It is noted that the Jiyue fairies can be broadly categorized into a variety of images,such as the Jiyue fairies depicted on the top walls,the Jiyue fairies for metamorphosis,the Feitian Jiyue fairies,the images of Kalavinlka,and the guardian Jiyue fairies,of which the Feitian Jiyue fairies are the most outstanding;the second part focuses on the development of the Jiyue fairies,with emphasis on the origin of the Feitian Jiyue dance and its development.In summary,the Jiyue fairies in Dunhuang Murals not only enrich the content of Dunhuang Murals and create a new form of art,but also showcase the mutual exchange and development of Chinese and foreign culture and art.