高低辊组合式鲜食玉米柔性剥皮装置设计与试验

Design and Test of Longitudinal Axial Flow High and Low Roller Type Fresh Corn Flexible Peeling Device

针对我国鲜食玉米收获过程中剥皮装备机械工作效率低、剥皮损坏率高等问题,在现有剥皮装置结构的基础上,设计了一种“柔性分段辊型+螺旋调节架”组合式和橡胶频率振动板相匹配的柔性剥皮装置。根据鲜食玉米物理特性,对鲜食玉米剥皮过程进行力学与运动学分析,确定了影响剥皮性能的主要因素,并对该剥皮装置进行了结构设计及参数分析。运用ANSYS Workbench/LS-DYDA模块对鲜食玉米果穗剥皮过程进行仿真,根据理论分析和仿真结果设计了剥皮样机,开展了剥皮试验。为获得样机最佳试验物料,以果穗长度、果穗直径、果穗含水率作为试验因素进行单因素试验,确定长度为260~280 mm、直径为64~66 mm、含水率为66.5%~69%的果穗作为剥皮机正交试验物料的样品。利用Design-Expert软件设计三因素三水平正交试验,以剥皮辊转速、剥皮辊倾角和振动板振动频率作为试验因素,以苞叶剥净率、籽粒破损率作为试验指标。结果表明:对苞叶剥净率和籽粒破损率影响由大到小均为剥皮辊转速、剥皮辊倾角、振动板振动频率;最优参数组合为:剥皮辊转速478.72 r/min、剥皮辊倾角8.05°、振动板振动频率259.20次/min,此时苞叶剥净率为92.41%,籽粒破损率为1.47%。在该条件下根据实际工况开展验证试验,得到苞叶剥净率、籽粒破损率分别为91.75%、1.55%,与参数优化基本一致,满足鲜食玉米剥皮要求。该研究可为鲜食玉米剥皮装备的优化设计和选择提供技术支持。

Aiming at the problems of low mechanical efficiency and high peeling damage rate of peeling equipment in the harvesting process of fresh corn in China,based on the analysis of the structural characteristics of the existing peeling device,a flexible peeling device with the combination of“flexible segmented roller type+spiral adjusting frame”and rubber frequency vibration plate matching was designed.According to the physical characteristics of fresh corn,the peeling process of fresh corn was analyzed mechanically and kinematically,the main factors affecting the peeling performance were determined,and the structural design and parameter analysis of the peeling device was carried out.ANSYS Workbench/LS-DYDA module was used to simulate the peeling process of fresh corn ear,and a peeling prototype was fabricated according to the theoretical analysis and simulation results,and the peeling test was carried out.In order to obtain the best test material for the prototype,a single-factor test was conducted with cob length,ear diameter and ear water content as test factors,and ears with length of 260~280 mm,diameter of 64~66 mm,and water content of 66.5%~69%were determined as samples for the orthogonal test material of the peeling machine.Design-Expert software was used to design a three-factor,three-level orthogonal test,with peeling roller speed,peeling roller inclination angle and vibrating plate vibration frequency as test factors,and bract peeling rate and grain breaking rate as test indicators.The results showed that the impact on bract peeling rate and grain breaking rate from large to small were peeling roller speed,peeling roller inclination angle,frequency vibration plate;the optimal combination of parameters:peeling roller speed of 478.72 r/min,peeling roller inclination angle of 8.05°,vibrating plate vibration frequency of 259.20 times/min,at this time,the bract peeling rate was 92.41%,and the grain breaking rate was 1.47%.Under this condition,the verification test was carried out according to the actual working conditions,and the bract peeling rate and grain breaking rate were 91.75%and 1.55%,respectively,which were basically consistent with the parameter optimization and met the requirements of fresh corn peeling.The research result can provide technical support for the optimal design and selection of fresh corn peeling equipment.