智能餐厨垃圾处理装备控制系统设计与试验

Design and Test of Control System for Intelligent Kitchen Waste Treatment Equipment

为解决餐厨垃圾资源化利用率不足、垃圾处理高污染和垃圾处理装备能耗高、操作不便等问题,设计一种智能餐厨垃圾处理装备控制系统,以提高餐厨垃圾处理的自动化水平。该系统主要由STM32主控系统、电机驱动系统、质量控制系统、温度调控系统、辅助控制系统、净化系统和存储系统组成。基于USART HMI软件设计智能串口屏界面,智能串口屏通过TTL串口与STM32单片机进行串口通信,能够完成餐厨垃圾处理工作参数设置和显示控制系统运行状态信息,实现对餐厨垃圾处理装备的精确控制。搭建试验硬件平台,以系统工作的温度区间和餐厨垃圾与高温好氧复合微生物菌种的配比为试验因素,以餐厨垃圾的减重率和用电量为试验指标进行试验。试验结果表明,系统工作的温度区间和餐厨垃圾与高温好氧复合微生物菌种的配比对餐厨垃圾处理有显著影响;当控制系统运行的温度区间为85~95℃,餐厨垃圾与高温好氧复合微生物菌种的比例为15∶1时,30 kg餐厨垃圾和2 kg菌种经过5 h处理,减重率为90.38%,平均用电量为1.96 kW·h,处理餐厨垃圾效果显著。该系统实现餐厨垃圾无害化处理,餐厨垃圾处理后的有机物通过好氧堆肥技术转化成腐殖质,用于田间施肥或者制作动物饲料,提高垃圾资源化利用率。

In order to solve the problems of insufficient resource utilization of kitchen waste,high pollution of waste treatment and high energy consumption and inconvenient operation of waste treatment equipment,an intelligent kitchen waste treatment equipment control system was designed to improve the automation level of kitchen waste treatment.The system was mainly composed of STM32 main control system,motor drive system,weight control system,temperature control system,auxiliary control system,purification system and storage system.The interface of intelligent serial port screen was designed based on USART HMI software.The intelligent serial port screen communicated with STM32 through TTL serial port,which could complete the working parameters setting of kitchen waste treatment and displayed the operation status information of the control system to realize the accurate control of kitchen waste treatment equipment.The experimental hardware platform was built,the temperature range of the system and the ratio of kitchen waste and high temperature aerobic microbial strains were used as experimental factors.The weight-loss ratio and power consumption of kitchen waste were used as experimental indexes.The experimental results showed that the temperature range of the system and the ratio of kitchen waste and high temperature aerobic microbial strains had very significant effect on kitchen waste treatment;when the temperature range of the control system was 85~95℃,the ratio of kitchen waste and high temperature aerobic microbial strains was 15∶1,30 kg kitchen waste and 2 kg bacteria were treated for 5 h,the weight-loss ratio was 90.38%,the average power consumption was 1.96 kW·h,and the treatment effect of kitchen waste was remarkable.The system realized the harmless treatment of kitchen waste.The organic matter after kitchen waste treatment was converted into humus by aerobic composting technology,which was used for field fertilization or animal feed production to improve the utilization rate of waste resources.