兴安多羔羊肉营养成分与风味物质研究

Investigation on Nutrition and Flavor of Xing’an Lamb Meat

以兴安多羔羊为对象,利用凯氏定氮法、索氏提取法和灼烧法对羊肉营养组成进行分析,利用固相微萃取结合气相色谱质谱联用技术对羊肉风味物质进行分析,明确不同性别和部位对兴安多羔羊肉营养组成和挥发性风味物质种类及其含量的影响。结果表明:兴安多羔羊肉含水率75.32%,粗脂肪质量分数2.41%,粗蛋白质量分数19.81%,粗灰分质量分数1.11%;共检出28种脂肪酸和18种氨基酸;母羔肌肉中粗脂肪含量有低于公羔的趋势;股四头肌含有更多不饱和脂肪酸和脂肪氧化产物;共检测到72种挥发性风味物质,占较大比例的是醛类和醇类物质。不同的性别和部位对羔羊肉营养组成和风味物质有一定影响。母羔中有7种挥发性风味物质含量显著大于公羔;母羔由于脂肪含量低、膻味和油脂气息小,与公羔相比可接受度更高;背最长肌中2(5H)-呋喃酮和己醇的含量显著高于股四头肌,但十三醛含量显著低于股四头肌。

Aiming to study the nutritional quality and volatile flavor composition of Xing’an lambs,taking Xing’an lambs as the object,the nutritional composition of mutton was analyzed by Kjeldahl method,Soxhlet extraction method and burning method,and the flavor substances of mutton were analyzed by solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.The effects of different genders and different parts on the nutrition and flavor of lambs were compared.The results showed that the water content,crude fat content,crude protein content and ash content of Xing’an lambs were 75.32%,2.41%,19.81%and 1.11%,respectively.Totally 28 kinds of fatty acids and 18 kinds of amino acids were detected.The crude fat content in muscle of female lambs tended to be higher than that of male lambs.Quadriceps femoris muscle contained more unsaturated fatty acids and fat oxidation products.Totally 72 volatile flavor compounds were detected in Xing’an lambs,among which aldehydes and alcohols were the most important compounds.Different genders and different parts had certain influence on nutritional composition and flavor substance of lamb meat.The relative contents of seven volatile flavor compounds in female lambs were significantly higher than that in male lambs.Due to the low fat content,small odor and grease smell,the female lamb was more acceptable than the male lamb.The relative content of 2(5 H)-furanone and hexanol in longissimus dorsi muscle was significantly higher than that in quadriceps femoris,but the relative content of tridecaldehyde was significantly lower than that in quadriceps femoris.