基于TRIZ理论的种子玉米剥皮机构设计与试验

Design and Experiment of Seed Corn Peeling Mechanism Based on TRIZ Theory

与大田玉米剥皮作业相比,种子玉米剥皮对苞叶剥净率、籽粒破碎率和落粒率具有较高的农艺要求。针对种子玉米缺乏高效低损的剥皮手段问题,采用TRIZ理论联合显式动力学仿真与高速摄像技术开展了种子玉米剥皮机构设计方法研究。首先,基于TRIZ理论解决了种子玉米剥皮机构关键结构设计问题,并完成了剥皮机构的详细设计;其次,利用LS-DYNA进行了剥皮系统-种子玉米果穗的显式动力学仿真,分析种子玉米果穗运动过程及受力情况,验证了剥皮机构设计的合理性;搭建了高速摄像试验台,通过对种子玉米剥皮过程高速摄像的逐帧分析,并与仿真结果相比,得出3种工况下速度最大误差分别为0.035、0.066、0.095 m/s,验证了剥皮辊分段设计的合理性;最后选择苞叶剥净率、籽粒破碎率及落粒率为性能指标开展了种子玉米剥皮试验,在3种工况下,试验结果满足种子玉米剥皮机构的性能指标要求。

Compared with field corn,seed corn peeling operation has higher agronomic requirements on the bracts peeling rate,grains crushing rate,and grains falling rate.Because of the lack of efficient and low-loss peeling means for seed corn ear,TRIZ theory combined with explicit dynamics simulation and high-speed camera technology was used to study the design method of seed corn peeling mechanism.Firstly,based on TRIZ theory,the critical structural design of the seed corn peeling mechanism was solved,and the detailed design of the peeling mechanism was completed.Secondly,LS-DYNA was used to simulate the explicit dynamics of the peeling system-seed corn ears.The movement process and stress of seed corn ears were analyzed,which verified the rationality of the peeling mechanism design.In addition,a high-speed camera test-bed was set up.Through the frame-by-frame analysis of a high-speed camera in the peeling process of seed corn and compared with the simulation results,the maximum error of speed under three working conditions was 0.035 m/s,0.066 m/s and 0.095 m/s,respectively,which verified the rationality of the sectional design of peeling roller.Finally,the seed corn peeling experiment was carried out by selecting the net rate of bract leaf peeling,the rate of grain breaking and the rate of falling grains as performance indexes.Under three working conditions,the test results met the performance index requirements of the seed corn peeling mechanism.