天然草场机械化施播保水剂改良工艺试验研究

Experimental Study on the Improvement Technology of Mechanized Sowing and Water-holding Agent in Natural Grassland

已有研究表明,灌溉用水约有50%消耗在田间,加强对田间节水技术的研究和开发显得尤为重要,有关控制土壤蒸发的覆盖和化学调控等土壤保墒技术的研究和开发越来越受到重视。近年来,在我国北方干旱的高寒地区应用保水剂种植马铃薯、玉米等经济作物的研究报告很多,但对于不同天然草场改良和建设综合应用保水剂的研究却鲜见报道。本次研究针对内蒙古锡林郭勒盟干旱地块、荒漠草原、沙地、撂荒地块等待改良地区,从2018年—2020年10月,共开展了近3 a的研究转化工作。在农机技术与农艺技术紧密结合的基础上,开展了以施播保水剂为主的综合改良天然草场措施,经过缜密的试验和研究,提高了85.98%~96.96%(P<0.05)的种群生物量,改良措施的使用比对照草地土壤的含水量增加了1.25%(P<0.05),显著降低土壤容重(P<0.05)。该试验研究为今后进一步合理应用保水剂于天然草场的改良工作提供一定的科学依据及技术指导。

It has been shown that about 50%of irrigation water is consumed in the field,and it is particularly important to strengthen the research and development of water-saving technologies in the field,and the research and development of soil moisture conservation technologies,such as mulching and chemical regulation,which are related to the control of soil evaporation,have received more and more attention.In recent years,there have been many research reports on the application of water-holding agents to grow potato,corn and other cash crops in the arid alpine regions of northern China,but there have been few reports on the integrated application of water-holding agents for the improvement and construction of different natural grasslands.In this study,nearly three years of research and transformation work was carried out from 2018 to October 2020 for arid land,desert grassland,sandy land,and abandoned land waiting for improvement areas in Xilingol League,Inner Mongolia.Based on the close integration of agro-mechanical and agronomic technologies,comprehensive improvement measures of natural grassland mainly by applying water retaining agents were carried out,which,after meticulous tests and research,increased the biomass of the population by 85.98%to 96.96%(P<0.05),and the use of the improvement measures significantly increased the water content of the soil of the grassland by 1.25%(P<0.05)than that of the control grassland,and significantly reduced the soil weight capacity.This experimental study provides certain scientific basis and technical guidance for the further rational use of water retention agent applied to the improvement of natural grassland in the future.