果蔬自动化采摘机的机械结构设计与试验

Mechanical Structure Design and Test of Automatic Fruit and Vegetable Picker

在农业发展的很长一段时间以来,由于机械化程度一直处于较低水准,果蔬收取主要依靠人工收获。新世纪以来,自动控制技术在农业上得到较为普遍的应用,计算机技术也在农业领域取到长足进步,当代农业发展呈现出高度自动化,同时也更加符合人工智能时代的发展要求,技术应用更加紧密。在农业发展的大背景下,收取机器人应运而生,不仅能解决劳动力不足的问题,而且有效地降低劳动强度,从根本上提高果蔬收取效率。为此,主要描述了农业果蔬自动化收取机样机的结构和工作原理,并以西红柿为例,在大棚环境下进行了试验性收取尝试。对试验数据分析处理后显示:西红柿作为收取目标,机器整体正确识别率已接近90%,无损伤收取达成比率约为68.5%,果实收取过程,平均需要消耗时间约为10s。在周围场景较为复杂的田间大棚里,收取机能够顺利完成收取作业并取得可靠的实验数据,证实针对西红柿等茄科植物研制的果蔬自动化收取机,自动化控制设计可靠性,能够适应各种复杂条件的实际生产工作。

In the history of agricultural development, for a long time, due to the low level of mechanization, fruit and vegetable collection mainly depends on artificial harvesting. Since the new century, automatic control technology has been widely used in agriculture. At the same time, computer technology has made great progress in the field of agriculture. The development of contemporary agriculture shows a high degree of automation, but also more in line with the development requirements of the era of artificial intelligence, technology application is more closely integrated. Under the background of agricultural development, the collection robot came into being. The application of this intelligent machine can not only solve the problem of labor shortage, but also effectively reduce the labor intensity and fundamentally improve the collection efficiency of fruits and vegetables. This topic mainly describes the structure and working principle of the Agricultural Bank automatic fruit and vegetable collection machine prototype, and takes tomatoes as an example, makes an experimental collection attempt in the greenhouse environment. The analysis of the experimental data shows that the correct recognition rate of the whole machine is close to 90%, the non-destructive collection rate is about 68.5%, and the average time of fruit collection is about 10 seconds. In the field greenhouse with more complex surroundings, the collector can successfully complete the collection operation and obtain reliable experimental data, which proves that the automatic fruit and vegetable collector developed for Solanaceae plants, such as tomatoes, has good reliability in its automatic control design and can adapt to the actual production work under various complex conditions.