从家庭伦理到社区契约:农地流转实践逻辑演变

From the Family Ethics to the Community Contract:Evolution on the Practical Logic of the Rural Land Transfer

改革开放40年来,我国农地流转实践总体上呈现出从农户家庭伦理型流转向社区集体股份制契约型流转演变的特征,不同发展阶段的农地流转遵循的行为逻辑不尽相同。基于东北平原和闽中两个典型村庄的农地流转实践案例分析,探讨两村农地流转历程背后的生成逻辑,分析早期农地流转和现代农地股份制流转所遵循的家庭伦理价值和社区契约价值的差异,并揭示这种差异实质上是受不同经济发展阶段和不同农地产权结构安排及实践的影响。后续的农地流转市场化改革,必须以土地"三权分置"制度为基础,进一步完善农地市场化流转目标,合理祛除农地股份合作制中的乡土伦理价值约束,更充分有效地实现农地经营权的物权权能,同时也更充分保障农民的承包权价值实现。

Since the reform and the opening,the practice of rural land transfer in China has a characteristic on the whole,that is,the farmland transfer has evolved from the ethical type of peasant households to the collective share-holding contract type of village communities,and the farmland transfer in different stages of development follows different behavioral logic.This article is based on the practice case analysis of farmland transfer in two typical villages in Northeast Plain and the central Fujian Province,to explore the logic behind the farmland transfer process of these two villages,and to analyze the differences between the family ethics value and village community contract value followed by early farmland transfer and modern farmlands shareholding transfer,then to reveal that those differences are actually affected by different economic development stages and different arrangements and practices of farmland property right structure.The subsequent rural land transfer system reform must be based on the"three rights separation"to further improve the Market-oriented Circulation of farmland,and to eliminate the constraint of local ethical value in farmland shareholding cooperative system reasonably,in order to more fully and effectively realize the real right of farmland management rights,and guarantee the realization of farmers’land property rights value.