从经济到社会——中国城镇居民主观幸福感影响因素的变迁:2003-2017

From Economic to Social Factors: The Changing Influence on Chinese Urban Residents’ Subjective Well-being: 2003-2017

在中国社会主义市场经济深入发展的背景下,本文基于中国综合社会调查(CGSS)2003年到2017年共10轮历时性横截面调查数据,考察了作为经济因素的收入和作为社会因素的社会保障和社会支持对中国城镇居民主观幸福感的影响。研究发现,社会保障和社会支持对主观幸福感有显著的正向影响,这两类社会因素相对于经济因素对幸福感的提升作用随着时间而增强。研究结论证实了社会保障和社会支持给予个体的安全感和稳定的未来预期的重要意义,在充满竞争和不确定的市场环境中,相比收入增加带来的短暂的物质需求满足,个体更需要应对未来风险的信心、安全感和保障感。因此,政府应当增加社会性支出和完善社会保障体系,个体也应当构建和谐的社会关系,促进幸福感的提升。

Under the development of Chinese socialist market economy,this paper uses crosssectional time-series data of CGSS from 2003 to 2017 to study the influence of income,social security and social support on Chinese urban residents’subjective well-being.It was found that social security and social support can significantly improve one’s subjective well-being,and the positive effect of the two social factors strengthens over time compared to economic factors.This research supports the importance of social security and social support to give individuals sense of security and stable future expectation.In a market full of competence and uncertainty,individuals need more confidence and security to avoid future risks than temporary satisfaction of material needs from income.Therefore,the government should increase social expenditure and improve social security system.Individuals also need to construct harmonious social relationship to increase happiness.