行政前置认定的刑事司法适用:困境、误区与出路

Application of Administrative Pre-confirmation in Criminal Justice:Dilemma,Misunderstanding and Solution

刑事司法对行政规范概念、行政前置违法、行政确认以及行政许可的过度依附,使得行政犯认定口袋化趋势渐显,刑法独立品格受损,刑事司法情理法冲突日趋严重。究其症结,主要在于此种"行政依附式"刑事司法片面追求刑事认定与行政前置认定的形式统一,悖离了犯罪概念"三性"统一的实质要求。基于此,破解当前困境之关键乃在于,以犯罪概念之"三性"统一指导行政前置认定的司法理性适用,具体为在刑事实质解释立场下适用行政规范概念、在法益关联性等要求下认定行政前置违法、以刑事司法实质审查为前提适用行政确认以及以法益侵害标准指引违法行政许可出罪功能发挥。

The excessive dependence of criminal judicature on the concept of administrative norm,administrative pre-violation,administrative confirmation and administrative license leads to the increasingly obvious pocketing of administrative offender identification and causes the conflict of criminal judicature law of reason.The crux of the problem lies in the excessive dependence of criminal judicature on administrative predetermination,and the excessive pursuit of the unification of criminal predetermination and administrative predetermination,which goes against the essential requirements of social harmfulness,criminal illegality and the nature of punishment.Therefore,the criminal justice application of administrative pre-determination should be guided by the substantive requirements of the concept of crime:understanding the concept of administrative norm to take substantive interpretation of the position,and determining that the administrative pre-intrusion complies with the requirements of legal interest,and the application of administrative confirmation is based on judicial substantive examination,to play the illegal administrative licensing guilty function associated with the legal infringement standards.