黄河内蒙古段水量水质联合调度研究

Study on the coupled water quantity and quality regulation in Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River

以内蒙古黄河段为研究对象,构建了黄河内蒙古段一维水动力水质耦合模型.在此基础上分析了河套灌区农业退水对下游河段水质的影响,根据农作物种类和种植面积考虑实际农作物需水过程,拟定了不同的引退水调度方案.选取了河套灌区农业退水对黄河内蒙古段干流水质影响较大的污染物氯化物为指标,对比分析了不同调度方案下氯化物浓度的变化情况.根据计算结果分析,在充分考虑农作物需水过程的基础上,按需引水,从源头上控制退水量;同时充分发挥乌梁素海的调蓄作用,使乌毛计闸以~30 m^(3)·s^(-1)的流量下泄,从而有效削弱灌区农业退水的影响,降低下游氯化物浓度的峰值和平均值.模型现已嵌入至黄河内蒙古段水量水质联合调度系统中,可为现有的黄河内蒙古段水量水质联合调度提供决策支持.

A one-dimensional hydrodynamic and water quality coupling model is constructed for the Yellow River in Inner Mongolia.Different scheduling schemes of water diversion and retreat are formulated according to the actual water demand process,which is dependent on crop species and planting area,to further analyze the impact of agricultural water retreat in Hetao Irrigation District on the water quality of the downstream reaches.The chloride concentration has significant impacts on the water quality in the mainstream of Inner Mongolia reach of Yellow River by agricultural water retreat in Hetao Irrigation District.It was selected as an indicator to compare under different scheduling schemes.We considered the water demand of crops,water diversion on-demand,water retreat control from the source,and the regulation and storage effect of Wuliangsuhai lake.The results suggest that keeping the Wumao Gate discharging with a flow rate of 30 m^(3)·s^(-1)can effectively reduce the influence of agricultural water retreat in the irrigation area and reduce the peak and average concentration of chloride in the downstream reaches.The model has been embedded into the water quantity and quality joint dispatching system of the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River,providing decision support for the existing joint scheduling of water quantity and quality in the Inner Mongolia reach of the Yellow River.