藏彝走廊底蕴与茶马古道功用及该区域中“一带一路”指向

The Connotations of the Tibetan-Yi Corridor,the Function of Ancient Tea-Horse Road and the Orientation of the “One Belt and One Road” Initiative in this Area

费孝通先生基于中华民族形成与走向的考量,数次提出民族走廊的研究命题,其中对藏彝走廊研究就有涵义递进的公开五论之说。沿着费老指出的门径,中国大陆学界近40年来对各个民族走廊做了大量的研究,提出了不少有学术价值的观点;其中,"走廊"概念泛化到各个相关学科,从人文地理学、考古学、民族学/人类学、语言学、文化学、社会学、政治学到区域经济学、发展经济学、民族经济学、边疆学等学科交叉研究的角度看,藏彝走廊的成形与茶马古道密切相关,即出现南方丝绸之路时藏彝走廊已经形成,并因其茶马古道功能而使该走廊长期保留着内部的延续能力及其与外部的沟通活力。随着研究的进展,费老提示的该走廊的蕴涵被学人不断发掘;进入21世纪,中国"一带一路"的愿景与行动将焕发出这个走廊的新活力,国家决策层所命名的藏羌彝走廊,扩展了该走廊并注入了新的内容,对该走廊的研究将有更多的含义被人们所认识。

The famous concept of"diversity within unity of the Chinese nation"put forward by Fei Xiaotong in Chinese academia is based upon his deliberations of the formation and direction of the Chinese nation.In the process of forming this concept,Fei proposed the research topic of the"ethnic corridor"quite a number of times.Among these,according to Li Shaoming,there were five times in which researc:h of the Tibetan-Yi corridor was publicly discussed.(Li,2006)Within a period of 23 years,from September 1978 to November2003,Fei made theoretical progress in each of his public discussions,with regard to the basic concept,research scope,research content,and phased objective tasks.Fei,together with other scholars,conducted considerable research work,such as sorting out documents,verifying materials,sorting out academic history and proposing questions;in addition,he personally participated in fieldwork and investigation activities.In keeping with this research path,scholars in academic circles in China's Mainland,during the past 40 years,have conducted a lot of research on various ethnic corridors,and they have advanced many valuable academic views,many which have strong significance to verify and support a series of questions raised by Fei.The use of the term"ethnic corridor"has prompted scholars to explore social forms in multiple geographical regions.Among them,the concept of"corridor"has been introduced into various related disciplines,including human geography,archaeology,ethnology/anthropology,linguistics,cultural studies,sociology,political science,regional economics,development economics,ethnic economics,border studies and other disciplines,and many achievements have been made continuously.Because of the in-depth research of many scholars,the various elements contained in the Tibetan-Yi corridor have been excavated and displayed in the academic field.From the perspective of cross disciplinary research,the formation of the Tibetan-Yi Corridor,also known as the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor,has a history of more than one thousand years.This has become one of typical cases of the research on how the Chinese nation"come and go".Many scholars believe that the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor is closely related to the Ancient Tea-Horse Road,namely that the Tibetan-Yi corridor was formed when the Southern Silk Road appeared,and it is through the Ancient Tea-Horse Road that its internal continuity and communication vitality with the outside world has been long maintained.The overlap of the Ancient Tea-Horse Road and the Southern Silk Road enabled the ethnic groups within the"Tibetan-Qiang-Yi corridor"to have cultural exv changes with people in other regions in the process of exchanging goods and materials,which in turn also promoted ethnic integration.In discussing related issues,some scholars believe that the"Ancient Tea-Horse Road"basically differs from the"Southern Silk Road",while others believe that the Ancient Tea-Horse Road is a part of the Southern Silk Road.From the perspective of function,the Ancient Tea Horse Road is similar to the Southern Silk Road in terms of the traditional functions of regional economy,or that the two are superimposed.Their functions were to connect multiple interrelated regions,provide for the material exchange for the products and lives of these regions,maintain the economic activities of the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor,and promote the cultural exchange and ethnic integration of this corridor.As a theory that pulls together the factors of geography,history,politics,economy,ethnicity,religion,culture,society and institutions,general frontier science is the product of comprehensive research,that is,interdisciplinary research.In the view of general frontier science,the Tibetan-Yi Corridor is a complete system of regions integrating frontier,the earth’s surface,and human culture,which is created by different ethnic groups via certain regional movements in the frontier zone through the human factors of various activities.From the point of view of frontier studies,the"Tibetan-Yi Corridor"is a system of human and cultural events in the frontier.It combines the historical,political,economic,cultural,social,geographical,demographic,settlement,ethnic and religious factors of the main and sub-border regions of the frontier,and it constitutes a special zone with multi-ethnic interaction,internal contact that supported national development during the formation process of the Chinese nation.The constitution of the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor itself can be incorporated into the history of frontier investigation.From the point of view of general frontier studies,the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor,with its role as a"channel",will play a new function under the new historical conditions.In the late 1980 s and early 1990 s,Fei Xiaotong put forward the idea of rebuilding the Silk Road,linking the reconstruction of the North-South Silk Road with China’s reform and opening up,and modernization.Specifically,with regard to the construction of the Southwest region,it was believed that the reconstruction of the Southern Silk Road should connect with the development and opening up of Sichuan,Yunnan and Tibet.(Ma,2015)The implications made by Fei Xiaotong about this corridor were continuously promoted by scholars.In the 21 st century,China’s initiative of the"One Belt and One Road"and related actions have illuminated the new vitality of the corridor.In the planning of relevant ministries and commissions,the Tibetan-Qiang-Yi Corridor involves 11 cities(prefectures and districts)in seven provinces and regions,including Gansu,Sichuan,Guizhou,Yunnan,Tibet,Shaanxi and Qinghai,covering an area of more than 680,000 square kilometers and an ethnic minority population of more than 7.6 million.Upon the release of this plan,relevant local governments have successively launched supportive documents to start economic,cultural and reform work from various aspects.This plan has expanded the corridor and injected new content,and through the study of the corridor,more implications will be recognized.