民法典视野下我国彩礼返还风俗习惯的司法适用——基于访谈和判决文书的扎根范式研究

Judicial application of the custom of returning betrothal gifts in China from the perspective of civil code Research on the grounded paradigm based on interviews and judgment documents

为回应对现行无过错彩礼返还规则的有关批评,本文运用中国管理扎根研究范式,对两名基层法官访谈的语料以及四名法官的审判观念、判决文书等二手资料进行编码发现,实务判决不但没有损害女性利益,反而受女性“反叛之法”法律意识之影响,迫使法官过度追求案件办理的社会效果和后续反应以至于在彩礼事实的认定和判决结果的作出两方面出现“不合法律性”的风险。此外,风俗习惯在司法适用中实体法功能的作用发挥相较于程序法功能逊色不少。加强风俗习惯在裁判文书中司法适用的论证说理以及统一认知标准有助于同案同判目标的实现,进而提高当事人对判决结果的接受力。

In response to the criticism of the current rules on the return of no fault betrothal gifts,this paper uses the Chinese management rooted research paradigm to encode the corpus of interviews with two grass-roots judges and the trial concepts,judgment documents and other second-hand materials of four judges.It is found that the practical judgments do not harm women's interests,but are affected by women's legal consciousness of“rebellious law”,The judge is forced to pursue the social effect and follow-up reaction of the case handling excessively,so that there is a risk of“illegality”in the identification of the bride price facts and the making of the judgment results.In addition,the function of substantive law in the judicial application of customs and habits is inferior to that of procedural law.Strengthening the argumentation and reasoning of the judicial application of customs and habits in the judgment documents and unifying the cognitive standards will help to achieve the goal of the same case and the same judgment,and thus improve the acceptance of the parties to the judgment results.