特朗普政府的国际制度重塑战略

The Trump Administration’s Reinventing Strategy for the International System

国际制度的构建对美国维护霸权是一个关键因素。特朗普政府接连退出《巴黎协定》《跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》等多边协议,其"退出外交"在全球范围内引起了广泛的关注和讨论。从表面上看,美国的这种退出国际制度的做法将在一定程度上影响它的全球领导权,其成本也极高,但深入分析便可发现,对于现存国际秩序的主导国——美国而言,这其实是一种制度制衡手段,即国际制度的重塑战略。特朗普政府的一系列"退出外交"的行为是以国际制度的重塑来低成本地维护美国霸权。特朗普政府选择退出或威胁退出国际制度并非单纯考虑经济因素,而是旨在通过"退出外交"扩充美国的权势和影响力。在动态权衡成本与收益的关系之后,特朗普政府对国际制度进行了适当的收缩,达到了既减少自身的开支又维护了美国的霸权的目的。

After the 1941 Pearl Harbor attack,the United States began to break away from the tradition of isolationism,change its attitude of not participating in world affairs,and actively participate in the construction of hegemony and international discourse power.Up to now,American hegemony has not been left behind.The construction of an international system is a key factor for U.S.hegemony.Since President Trump was elected,the United States has successively withdrawn from the Paris climate agreement and the Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement.Its"withdrawal from diplomacy"has aroused widespread concerns and discussions around the world.On the surface,this kind of withdrawal by the United States from the international system will affect the global leadership of the United States to a certain extent,and its cost is also very high.However,through in-depth analysis,we find that,in fact,for the United States,this is actually a means of institutional checks and balances,that is,a strategy of reshaping the international system.A series of"exit diplomacy"acts by Trump is a way to maintain American hegemony at low cost by reshaping the international system.Trump makes full use of withdrawal or threats to withdraw from the international system to expand American power and influence,rather than simply considering economic factors.After dynamically weighing the relationship between cost and benefit,Trump adopted appropriate opposition to the international system,which not only reduced U.S.costs,but also maintained the hegemony of the United States.