美国与印度:有选择的战略伙伴关系

U. S.-India Relationship:A Selective Strategic Partnership

战略伙伴关系是介于同盟关系与普通国家间关系的一种过渡形态。相关国家既想在一些领域进行密切的合作,又不想建立有法律约束力、有排他性特征的同盟关系。冷战结束以后,国际社会出现了一轮伙伴关系热,很多国家之间都建立了不同形态的伙伴关系乃至战略伙伴关系。战略伙伴关系本身也日益常规化、普通化,经常不再具有传统安全要素,变成一种外交辞令。但是,美国与印度之间的战略伙伴关系,却与众不同,虽然没有法律约束性,却有很多实质性内容。美印关系的发展,前期是因为冷战结束以后大国间调整关系的本能反应;但进入21世纪以后,尤其是中国"一带一路"倡议提出并实施后,则是中美印三角关系互动的结果。总体来看,美印战略伙伴关系,实质上仍然是一种以利益互补为基础的有选择的战略伙伴关系,而非一种真正全球性的、战略性的、同盟型的伙伴关系。

Strategic partnership is a kind of transitional form from ordinary relationships to alliance.Relevant countries bonded with such exclusive partnership tend to cooperate closely in certain areas,but are not leagally binding.Since the end of the Cold War,international community has been involved in a heat wave of establishing partnerships,in which many countries have built different forms of partnerships including strategic partnerships.From that on,strategic partnership has become a normalized diplomatic rhetoric without traditional security elements.However,the strategic partnership between the U.S.and India is out of the ordinary,in that it is not legally binding but featured with substantive content.In the early stage,the development of U.S.-India relation resulted from the instinctive reaction of great powers aiming to adjust their relations after the Cold War.Neverthless,in the 21 st century,their bilateral relationship has been the result of the interaction of China-U.S.-India triangle,especially in the background of Belt and Road Initiative.Overall,the U.S.-India strategic partnership is still essentially a selective strategic partnership based on mutual complementary interests,rather than a real global,strategic,alliance-style partnership.