黄芪溯源考证及其改善认知功能研究进展

Textual Research on the Origin of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)and Its Research Progress in Improving Cognitive Function

黄芪已有2000多年的药用历史,是我国的传统中药材。黄芪的种植区分布广泛,以内蒙古自治区固阳县、山西省浑源县、甘肃省陇西县三地为道地产区。古代医家有关黄芪的加工炮制记载众多,根据药用目的,炮制方法各有不同。通过考证,黄芪主要具有补气升阳、固表止汗、利水消肿、生津养血、行滞通痹、托毒排脓、敛疮生肌等功效,然在益智方面的直接记载较少,多提到"补肾脏元气""益元气""补元阳"等。但现代研究表明,黄芪内主要含有的化学成分为黄芪多糖、黄芪皂苷、黄芪黄酮等化合物,药理研究发现这三类化合物均具有改善认知功能的作用,文章将从产地、溯源考证、化学成分研究、改善认知功能的药效几个方面对黄芪进行综述,以期对黄芪进一步了解。

Huangqi(Astragali Radix)has a medicinal history of more than 2000 years and is a traditional Chinese medicine in China.The planting areas of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)are widely distributed,with Guyang county,Hunyuan county and Longxi county as authentic production areas.There are many records about the processing of Huangqi(Astragali Radix)by ancient doctors,and the processing methods are different according to the medicinal purposes.Through textual research,Huangqi(Astragali Radix)mainly has the functions of tonifying Qi and rising Yang,solid surface and stopping perspiration,promoting water and reducing swelling,promoting fluid and nourishing blood,stagnation and arthralgia,suppressing toxin and expelling pus,collecting sores and generating muscles,etc.,but there are few direct records in the aspect of promoting intelligence,mention more about“tonifying kidney energy”“tonifying Yuanqi”“tonifying Yuanyang”and so on.However,modern research shows that Huangqi(Astragali Radix)mainly contains chemical components:astragalus polysaccharides,astragalus saponins,astragalus flavonoids and other compounds.Pharmacological studies have found that these three kinds of compounds can improve cognitive function.This paper will summarized Huangqi(Astragali Radix)from the aspects of origin,traceability textual research,chemical composition research and the efficacy of improving cognitive function,in order to further understand Huangqi(Astragali Radix).