介宾式双音词“自古”的历时演变

The Evolution of Prepositional-Object Disyllabic Word "Zi gu"

"自"和"古"在先秦最早出现时是一个介宾结构。两汉时期,"自古"后面没有时间词,后接成分扩大,经常做状语,"古"的意义泛化,但是没有完成词汇化过程。六朝时期,"自古"用例增多,经常位于谓词性成分前,句法位置固定,语义融合,完成词汇化过程,成为时间副词,表示某种行为或现象从古代到现在一直存在。经分析,"自古"的成词与句法位置、语义泛化以及韵律有很大的关系。

"Zi"and"Gu"were a prepositional-object structure when they first appeared in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.In the Han Dynasty,there was no time word after the word"Zi gu",followed by enlarged components,often used as adverbial,and the meaning of"Gu"was generalized.However,the lexicalization process has not yet been completed.During the Six Dynasties,the use cases of"Zi gu"increased,often in front of predicate elements,fixed syntactic position,semantic integration,and completed the lexicalization process,becoming a time adverb,indicating that certain actions or phenomena have existed from ancient times to the present.After analysis,the formation of"Zi gu"is closely related to syntactic position,semantic generalization and prosody.