汉语抽象名词肯定与否定形式的不对称性研究

Study on the Asymmetry between Positive and Negative Forms of Chinese AbstractNouns

以往对汉语名词肯定与否定的对称性缺乏清晰的认识,尚未充分考虑抽象名词肯定与否定形式在语义上的不对称性。本文认为,其不对称性在于"领属肯定"与"存现否定"的非对应性,可进一步论证为"主观肯定"与"客观否定"的非对应性,这种不对称性体现在能够发生语义增值的抽象事物的肯定与否定形式上。"有+名词"与"没+名词"之间表现为一种扭曲关系,这种扭曲关系存在的原因与抽象属性义名词的依存性,以及主观和客观的本质规定性有关。

There is no clear understanding of the symmetry between positive and negative forms of Chinese nouns,and the semantic asymmetry between positive and negative abstract nouns had not been fully considered.So this paper holds that the asymmetry lies in the noncorrespondence between "positive possession" and "negative existence",which can be further demonstrated as the non-correspondence between "subjective positive" and "objective negative".Such asymmetry is reflected in the positive and negative forms of abstract things that can generate semantic appreciation.The relationship between "you(有)+noun" and "meiyou(没有)+noun" is a kind of twisted relation.The reason for the existence of distorted relationship is related to the dependence of the abstract attribute meaning noun,as well as the subjective and objective essential stipulation.