“NP1不按NP2 VP”的句法特征、功能类型及相关问题——兼谈与其肯定式的共性与微殊

Syntactic features、functional types and related questions of " NP1 bu an NP2 VP" ——Also on commonalities and differences with its positive form

"NP1不按NP2VP"对组构成分有制约性,NP1具有[±有生]属性,NP2只具有[-有生]属性,VP具有[+自主、可控、无界]的语义特征。位序上,"按"类介词的否定只有一种位序,即"不"在"按"类介词短语之前。"NP1不按NP2 VP"与其对应肯定式都符合顺序象似性,都具有"前—后"抽象的方位图式。就微殊来看,前者是及物性较低的句式,不具备事件的序列性与完整体特征,常用作前景信息的附属性或支持性材料,而后者是及物性较高的句式,既可以用作前景小句,也可以用作背景小句。两种句式在法律语体和操作语体中呈现出不对称性。

"NP1 bu anNP2 VP"has constraints on constitutes,"NP1"has the attributes of[±animate],"NP2"only has the attributes of[-animate],"VP"has the semantic features of[+volitional、controllable、unbounded].The negation of the preposition of"an"category has only one order,that is"bu"is in front of the preposition of"an"category."NP1 bu anNP2 VP"and its corresponding affirmation all in accordance with sequence iconicity,both have"front-back"abstract orientation schema.In terms of differences,the former is a sentence with low transitivity,which don’t has sequentiality of events and perfective features,often used as subsidiary materials or supporting materials for foreground information,but the latter is a sentence with higher transitivity,both can be used as foreground clause and background clause.This two kinds of sentence have asymmetry in legal discourse and procedural discourse.