传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化路径的模型构建研究

Conceptual Model on Tourism Revitalizing Path of Traditional Craft Heritage

在现代化、全球化、高科技冲击影响下,非物质文化遗产传统技艺面临生存困境,亟须活化利用再生产。该文依据约翰逊的文化循环理论与霍尔的文化循环理论,将传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化过程中主观的意义循环与客观的资本循环进行有机融合,探讨传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化的内部运转机制;根据布迪厄的文化再生产理论,将旅游场域、文化资本、旅游惯习和符号暴力作为传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化路径的外部驱动力,推动传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化的内部循环系统有效的持续的运转。内部循环系统与外部驱动系统共同形成传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化路径模型,促进传统技艺文化遗产保护与传承的可持续发展。该研究运用跨领域文化学理论尝试构建了一个传统技艺文化遗产旅游活化的管理概念模型,丰富了传统技艺文化与旅游融合的理论发展,同时也拓展了文化研究理论的范畴。

Heritage revitalization not only better meets the needs of national cultural consumption and enhances cultural self-confidence,but also promotes the historical mission of the great rejuvenation of Chinese culture.However,cultural heritage,especially intangible cultural heritage,is no longer meets the needs of the society because of modernization and globalization,and must be revitalized.Based on the intangible and cultural characteristics of traditional crafts,this study uses Johnson’s and Hall’s cultural circuit theory to explore the subjective circuit and objective capital circuit in the process of tourism revitalizing on traditional craft.Then,the study integrates the subjective circuit and objective capital circuit,taking"production","landscape","consumption"and"lived cultures"as the circuit nodes of tourism revitalizing path,with"tourism continuation—tourism representation—tourism experience—cultural identity"as the circuit path,exploring the internal operating mechanism of tourism revitalizing,and building an internal circuit system model of tourism revitalizing path.According to Bourdieu’s cultural reproduction theory,the study also discusses the external driving force,including"tourism field","cultural capital","tourism habitus",and"symbolic violence",to build an external driving system model.Both the internal circulation system and the external driving system could promote the sustainable development of traditional craft heritage.This research adopts cross-domain cultural theory to build a conceptual model of tourism revitalizing on traditional craft heritage.The findings also have important theoretical and managerial implications regarding traditional arts and cultural tourism.This conceptual model could be applied in both intangible and tangible cultural heritage tourism revitalizing management of traditional craft heritage on destination planning and marketing.