基于红外相机技术的糯扎省级自然保护区原鸡与白鹇活动节律及种间关系研究

Activity rhythms and association analysis of Gallus gallus and Lophura nythemera in Nuozhadu Provincial Nature with camera-traps

为研究糯扎渡省级自然保护区原鸡与白鹇的活动节律和种间关系,2019年5月至2020年5月,在糯扎渡保护区安装触发式红外相机共40台,对两种国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生动物原鸡(Gallus gallus)和白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)进行一年的连续监测。经统计,40台红外相机累计工作12283个工作日,拍到白鹇独立有效照片93张,统计到白鹇122只/次,雌雄比为1:1.65;拍摄到原鸡独立有效照片43张,雌雄比为1:2.59。日活动节律分析结果显示:两种雉类均为日间活动,其中原鸡的活动时间为6:00~20:00,活动高峰期出现在上午7:00~8:00,11:00~13:00和下午14:00~19:00;白鹇的活动时间为6:00~20:00,活动高峰期出现在上午8:00~10:00,下午14:00~15:00和16:00~19:00,原鸡与白鹇都出现3个活动高峰。原鸡在3~5月活动强度较大,白鹇在1~5月份活动强度较大,其余时间活动较少。原鸡和白鹇种间联结性不强,遇见率低。虽然原鸡和白鹇在日活动节律和月活动节律相似,但通过错峰活动以减少直接的种间竞争。

In order to study the activity rhythm and interspecific relationship between Gallus gallus and Lophura nycthemera in Nuozhadu Provincial Nature Reserve,40 trigger infrared cameras were installed in Nuozhadu Nature Reserve from May 2019 to May 2020,and two kinds of wild animals Gallus gallus and Lophura nycthemera were monitored continuously for one year.According to statistics,40 infrared cameras worked for a total of 12283 working days.From the 93 independent effective photos of Lophura nythemera,we identified 46 females,76 males and the sex ratio was(F:M=1:1.65);from the 43 independent pictures of Gallus gallus,we identified 17 females,44 males and the sex ratio was(F:M=1:2.59).The results of daily activity rhythm analysis showed that the two pheasants were diurnal activity patterns.In which the activity time of the Gallus gallus was 6:00-20:00,with three peaks at 7:00-8:00,11:00-13:00 and 14:00-19:00,the activity time of the Lophura nythemera was 6:00-20:00,with three peaks at 8:00-10:00,14:00-15:00 and 16:00-19:00.The activities of Gallus gallus were more frequent from March to May,Lophura nythemera were more frequent from January to May,and the rest of the time was less.There was no strong interspecific association between Gallus gallus and Lophura nythemera,and the encounter rate was low.Although the daily activity rhythm and monthly activity rhythm was similar,the off-peak activity was used to reduce the direct interspecific competition.