互联网使用对农业生产信贷的影响研究——来自中国农村9179户家庭的经验证据

Research on the Impact of Internet Use on Agricultural Production Credit——Empirical Evidence from 9179 Households in Rural China

互联网和数字经济快速发展背景下,研究互联网使用对农业生产信贷的影响及作用机制,对实现农业规模化发展、促进农林牧渔等不同性质的农业产业发展具有重要意义。文章使用2015年和2017年中国家庭金融调查数据,采用四元Probit模型检验互联网使用对正规信贷部门、非正规信贷部门的农户信贷需求与信贷获得的不同影响。研究发现:(1)互联网使用促使农户对正规信贷部门的借贷行为及信贷需求分别提高了25.69%和18.94%,对非正规信贷部门的信贷行为及信贷需求不产生影响。(2)互联网使用提高了农户的金融素养,促使农户开通“电子银行”的行为提高了7.14%,这两种行为显著促进了农户的正规信贷获得及信贷需求。(3)进一步分析显示,互联网有助于提高林农及高森林覆盖率地区农户对正规信贷部门的信贷需求和信贷行为,对非林业生产户及低森林覆盖地区农户的正规信贷获得的影响则不显著。基于研究结论提出政策启示:继续推动数字金融发展,借助互联网发展降低信贷成本,完善农村地区的信贷服务;加强农民的数字素养与技能培训,提高农村地区互联网的使用率;继续推动落后林区、通信设施不完善的农村地区数字基础设施建设,在缓解林农信贷约束的同时促进农村产业融合发展。

With the rapid development of Internet and digital economy,it is of great significance to study the impact and mechanism of Internet use on agricultural production credit for realizing the large-scale development of agriculture and promoting the development of agricultural production with different industrial properties such as agriculture,forestry,animal husbandry and fishery.Using the data of China's household financial survey in 2015 and 2017,this paper used quaternion Probit model to test the different impacts of Internet use on farmers'credit demand and credit acquisition in formal credit sector and informal credit sector.The conclusions were as follows:(1)Internet use promoted the increase of farmers'lending behavior and credit demand in formal credit sector by 25.69%and 18.94%respectively,but had no effect on credit behavior and credit demand in informal credit sector.(2)Internet use improved farmers'financial literacy,and promoted farmers'behavior of opening E-Banking to increase by 7.14%.Through these two behaviors,farmers'formal credit access and credit demand were significantly promoted.(3)Further analysis showed that Internet could improve the credit demand and credit behavior of forest farmers and farmers in high forest cover areas,but had no significant impact on the formal credit acquisition of non-forest producers and farmers in low forest cover areas.Based on the above research conclusions,the following suggestions were put forward:Continue to promote the development of digital finance,reduce credit costs with the help of Internet development,and improve credit services in rural areas.Strengthen farmers'digital literacy and skills training and improve the utilization rate of the Internet in rural areas.Continue to promote the construction of digital infrastructure in backward forest areas and rural areas with imperfect communication facilities,ease the credit constraints of forest farmers and promote the integration and development of rural industries.