土地流转区域模式创新比较研究

Comparative Study on Regional Pattern Innovation of Land Circulation

城镇化与乡村振兴背景下,土地流转在实现土地资源优化配置与保障农业安全方面有重大意义。本文选取了部分有代表性的土地流转模式,阐述不同土地流转模式的特征和区别,从政府与市场的角度剖析土地流转的主导力量与流转效益;从微观层面分析各土地流转模式中农户的收益与风险;从促进农业发展的角度评估土地流转模式的长期影响和可复制性。结论与建议:①在土地流转的初始阶段,完善的市场机制尚未形成,在缺乏有效市场机制的情况下,政府弥补了市场运行的不足,行政力量显现得更加有效率。但从长期来看政府主导不利于土地流转的交易和后期管理,政府主导应逐步向市场主导过渡,政府应做好监督和服务工作,以促进完善的土地流转市场交易机制的形成。②促进土地流转的同时要加快城镇化发展,加强产业协同发展,促进更多农业劳动力向非农产业转移。③建立相关法律法规、交易平台与监管协调机制,以降低信息不对称与交易成本,提高交易效率与规范性。④着重关注农户的稳定收益和长期发展,实现以地谋生和以地养老的土地保障作用,一刀切模式不可持续。

Under the background of urbanization and rural revitalization,land circulation is of great significance in realizing optimal allocation of land resources and guaranteeing agricultural security.This paper selects some representative regional patterns of land circulation,expounds the characteristics and differences of different land transfer patterns,and analyzes the leading power and benefits of land circulation from the perspective of government and market.The income and risk of farmers in each land circulation pattern are analyzed from the micro level.This article assesses the long-term impact and reproducibility of land circulation patterns from the perspective of promoting agricultural development.Conclusions and suggestions:①In the initial stages of land circulation,a perfect market mechanism has not yet taken shape.In the absence of effective market mechanism,the government makes up the slack in the market,and administrative power appears to be more efficient.However,in the long run,government-led land circulation is not conducive to the transaction and later management,and the government-led land circulation should gradually change to market-led land circulation.The government should do a good job in supervision and service to promote the formation of a perfect land circulation market transaction mechanism.②In order to promote land circulation,urbanization and coordinated industrial development should be accelerated to promote the transfer of more agricultural labor force to non-agricultural industries.③It’s necessary to establish relevant laws and regulations,trading platforms and regulatory coordination mechanisms to reduce information asymmetry and transaction costs,and improve transaction efficiency and standardization.④We should pay attention to the stable income and long-term development of farmers,and realize the land security function of making a living by land and providing for the aged by land.The one-size-fits-all model is unsustainable.