中小学劳动教育的价值困境与本真复归

The Value Dilemma of Labor Education and the Return of Its Authenticity in Primary and Secondary Schools

劳动是人类特有的创造物质财富和精神财富的基本社会实践活动,育人是教育的本真,劳动教育的价值意蕴在于以劳育人。我国的劳动教育正在面临价值观念畸形化、价值取向功利化和价值实现矛盾化三种困境,其具体表现为重脑轻体、体脑分离、安逸享乐、精致利己、物化工具、知行矛盾等。究其缘由,传统的分层劳动观、学而优则仕的成才观、现代化寻求中的阶层分化、消费主义的冲击等是影响劳动教育价值困境的历史和社会背景,而教育自身价值观念的功利化、劳动教育制度供给的弱化与虚化是导致劳动教育价值困境的直接原因。破解劳动教育的价值困境,不但需要回归劳动的内在价值,确认劳动是人创造自身、获得自我存在、彰显自我价值从而实现全面发展的过程,让劳动教育扎根于现实生活回归体脑结合育人的价值本源,而且需要发挥供给对需求的引领作用,倒逼劳动教育价值境界的提升。

Labor is a basic social practice of human beings to create material and spiritual wealth.Cultivating people is the essence of education,and the value of labor education lies in educating people through labor.Labor education in china is facing three value dilemmas:temporization of values,utilitarianization of values,and contradiction in value realization,which are embodied in the emphasis on the brain rather than the body,separation of the body and the brain,comfort and enjoyment,exquisite egoism,materialized tools,knowledge and action contradictions and so on.The reasons are the traditional stratified labor view,concept of academic excellence,the stratum differentiation in the pursuit of modernity,and the impact of consumerism.They are the historical and social background that affects the value of labor education.However,the direct cause of the value dilemma is the utilitarianization of education’s own value concept and the weakening and falsification of the supply of labor education system.To solve the value dilemma of labor education,it is not only necessary to return to the intrinsic value of labor,to confirm that labor is a process in which human create themselves,obtain self-existence,manifest self-worth and realize all-round development,so that labor education is rooted in real life and return to the integrated cultivation of body and brain.but also to give play to the role of supply in guiding demand,which will push the elevation of the value of labor education.