职业教育扶贫:应用型人才贯通培养体制探析——以“三区三州”为例

Poverty Alleviation Through Vocational Education:An Analysis of the Training System of Applied Talents

职业教育对象贯通学习意愿不足、中高职院校专业设置不衔接、中高职对口升学渠道不畅通、实践性学习缺乏支持条件、毕业生对口就业能力不足等是限制"三区三州"职业教育应用型人才贯通培养的主要问题,导致了职业教育扶贫成效降低。中高职贯通培养是提升应用型人才核心竞争力的重要途径,通过贯通方式培养兼具实践性与理论性的高水平应用型人才,实现劳动者与岗位对接,使职业教育与扶贫效能有效连接。构建应用型人才中高职贯通培养体制以提升职业教育扶贫效能,应在培养思路上突出区域性特征,贯通人才培养与当地产业发展,在培养体制上突出应用型特点,贯通职业教育入口与出口、特色专业与岗位需求、职业院校发展规划与人才培养规划,实现职业教育良性循环发展,改善职业教育扶贫效能。

There are five aspects restricting the continuous training of applied talents of Vocational Education in the"three regions,three states"poverty-stricken areas.They include the low attraction of vocational education caused by the lack of willingness of education objects,secondary and higher vocational colleges unconnected in specialty setting,the blocked channels of secondary and higher vocational education,the lack of supporting conditions for practical learning,and the lack of employment ability of graduates.As a result,the poverty alleviation effect of vocational education is low.Secondary and higher vocational education is an important way to enhance the core competitiveness of applicationoriented talents.Through the training of high-level practical and theoretical talents,the connection between workers and posts can be realized,and vocational education and poverty alleviation efficiency can be effectively connected.In order to improve the poverty alleviation effect of vocational education,we should highlight the regional characteristics in the training ideas,connect talent training with the local industry development,highlight the application-oriented characteristics in the training system,and connect the entrance and exit of vocational education,the characteristic specialty and post demand,the development planning of vocational colleges and the talent training plan.It is helpful to realize the virtuous circle of vocational education development and improve the poverty alleviation effectiveness of vocational education.