智慧养老不智慧?老年人互联网+养老服务选择影响因素研究

Is Smart Eldercare not so Smart?Research on Factors Influencing Older Adults to Choose Internet Care Services

利用2019年“中国老龄化与养老工作调查”数据,使用定序逻辑回归和倾向性得分匹配方法,从老年人需求角度,分析了影响老年人互联网+养老服务选择的影响因素。结果显示:只有29.22%的老年人愿意购买和使用互联网+养老服务;从个人特征看,性别、年龄对老年人互联网+养老服务选择有显著负向影响,受教育程度、健康状况对老年人互联网+养老服务选择有显著正向影响;从家庭关系看,是否有配偶、子女赡养情况和与子女亲密度对老年人互联网+养老服务选择有显著正向影响,存活子女数量对老年人互联网+养老服务选择有负向影响且不显著;社区环境因素对老年人互联网+养老服务选择主要为负面影响,社区服务对老年人互联网+养老服务选择的影响存在替代性;拥有智能手机能显著提升老年人购买互联网+养老服务的意愿。主观因素中,信任度对老年人互联网+养老服务选择的影响效应最大、显著性最强,可感知性、服务质量和安全性对老年人互联网+养老服务选择的影响效应较大,但服务价格和易用性对老年人互联网+养老服务选择的影响显著性不强。异质性分析显示,不同老年群体中各主观因素的影响效应存在较大差异。政府投资主导的互联网+养老服务对老年人主观层面的担心和顾虑考虑不足。“十四五”期间我国发展智慧养老、互联网+养老,需要从加强网络安全、增强智能设备操作简便性、丰富服务种类和提高服务质量、加强基础设施建设、多元主体参与等方面着手,消除老年人对互联网+养老服务的顾虑,切实提高老年人的生活质量。

Based on data from China Aging and Senior Care Work Survey in 2019,this paper used ordered logistic regression and propensity score matching methods to analyze factors influencing elders’selection of internet-based care service.Results show that only 29.22%of older adults are willing to purchase and use internet-based care services.From the perspective of personal characteristics,gender and age have a significant negative impact on their selection,and education level and health status have a significant positive impact.From the perspective of family relations,marital status,support from children and level of intimacy with children have a significant positive impact,whereas the number of surviving children has a negative although insignificant impact.The influence of community environmental factors are mainly negative,and the impact of community services is substitutable.Boasting a smart phone can greatly enhance elders’willingness of purchasing internetbased care services.Among subjective factors,trust has the largest and most significant influence;perceivability,service quality,and security have a relatively great impact,whereas service prices and usability are not significant.Moreover,heterogeneity analysis shows that subjective factors in different elderly groups have different effects,and the government does not take into account the subjective concerns and worries of the elderly when investing in internet-based care service.During the“14th Five-Year Plan”period,to eliminate concerns of older adults and improve their quality of life,it is necessary to enhance internet security,simplify smart devices,diversify service types and improve service quality,enhance infrastructure,and encourage participation of multiple players.