创业生态导向、机会资源一体化与创业绩效

Entrepreneurial ecological orientation,integration of opportunity and resource,and entrepreneurial performance

目前,创业生态系统研究的不足更多体现在系统不同层面之间的交叉融合研究匮乏,这极易造成新创企业的行为与系统发展方向所背离。处于不同系统生态位的新创企业只有融入周围所属创业生态系统,才能使自身与系统成为一个整体,从而获得系统福利并且创有所成,这也符合共同利益原则。但是,从企业与系统相互融合视角展开的研究却非常少见。于是,研究强调新创企业需要采取与系统“互融、同构”的战略导向,进而提出创业生态导向的新构念。另外,由于机会资源一体化开发行为已成为新创企业获取创业绩效的关键行为,研究还将基于“导向-行为-绩效”的标准研究范式,进一步检验创业生态导向、机会资源一体化开发行为与创业绩效的关系。研究结果显示创业生态导向有助于新创企业获取创业绩效,机会资源一体化开发行为在创业生态导向与创业绩效的关系中起中介作用。此研究结论既可以准确把握创业生态系统下的新创企业战略导向形成过程,又能全面总结新创企业在创业生态系统下的创业行为规律,对于处于不同生态位的企业如何创有所成提供指导。

At present,due to the current research on entrepreneurial ecosystem focuses more on the single level of the system,there is a lack of research on the interaction and integration between different levels,which easily leads to the deviation between the behavior of new enterprises and the development direction of the system.Since new ventures are often at the bottom of the ecosystem niche,they are likely to be isolated if they lack consistent strategic guidance with the system,and the transition of the ecosystem will be difficult to achieve.Only when the new enterprise in different system niche is integrated into the surrounding entrepreneurial ecosystem can it make itself and the system become a whole,so as to obtain system benefits and create achievements.This is also in line with the principle of common interest.However,research from the perspective of the integration of enterprises and systems is very rare.Therefore,this research emphasizes that new enterprises need to adopt the strategic orientation of“integration and isomorphism”with the system,and then puts forward a new concept of entrepreneurial ecological orientation.Besides,the integration of opportunity and resource mainly emphasizes the opportunity and resource as a whole and a system.The system perspective will be more helpful to reveal the main context of entrepreneurial research.Since the integration of opportunity and resource has become a key behavior for new ventures to obtain entrepreneurial performance,this research will further test the relationship among entrepreneurship ecological orientation,integration of opportunity and resource and entrepreneurial performance based on the standard research paradigm of“guide-behavior-performance”.The study results show that symbiosis,legitimacy and connectivity are the three basic dimensions of entrepreneurial ecological orientation;entrepreneurial ecological orientation is helpful for new ventures to obtain entrepreneurial performance;and the integration of opportunity and resource plays mediating role in the relationship between entrepreneurial ecological orientation and entrepreneurial performance.When the new enterprise adopts the strategic orientation consistent with the system,it can grasp the trend of the system in advance,accurately master the rules of the system,and deeply build the embedded resource architecture.Through achieving a state of“harmonious integration”with the entrepreneurial ecosystem,it completely becomes a part of the system,and even finally becomes the operator of the entrepreneurial ecosystem.The proposal of the new strategic orientation enables the strategic behavior of micro-enterprises to match with the attributes of the macro-meso system,which not only meets the prerequisite for enterprises to obtain additional performance in the ecosystem,but also makes up for the lack of interactive research on the macro,meso,and micro levels.In addition,this paper also explores an important influence path of entrepreneurial ecological orientation on entrepreneurial performance.The research conclusions can not only accurately grasp the formation process of new ventures’strategic orientation under the entrepreneurial ecosystem,but also comprehensively reveal and summarize the entrepreneurial behavior rules of new ventures under the entrepreneurial ecosystem.It is of great significance to promote the research of new enterprise strategy,entrepreneurial ecosystem theory and entrepreneurship.